China

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Across
  1. 1. People's Congress The legislature of the People's Republic of China. It is under the control of the Chinese Communist Party and is not an independent branch of government.
  2. 3. Leap Forward Started by Mao Zedong, combined collective farms into People's Communes, failed because there was no incentive to work harder, ended after 2 years.
  3. 5. Credit System a system of scoring citizens through their actions by placing them under constant surveillance
  4. 9. Gong Meditative martial arts movement founded in 1992 and banned by Chinese government in 1999 as an "evil cult"
  5. 11. system of beliefs; taught that people need to have a sense of duty to faimly and community in order to bring peace to society.
  6. 12. Revolution Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation.
  7. 14. rice bowl Mao's promise of cradle to grave health care, work, and retirement security that has largely disappeared under reform and opening
  8. 15. population Migrants from the rural areas who have moved temporarily to the cities to find employment.
  9. 16. responsibility system the system put into practice in China beginning in the early 1980s in which major decisions about agricultural production are made by individual farm families based on profit motive rather than by a people's commune or the government.
  10. 19. Flowers Campaign Period from 1956 to 1957 in which Mao encouraged intellectuals to offer criticism of national policy, followed by crackdown on critics
  11. 23. Dream Paramount leader Xi Jinping's policy vision calling for China's national rejuvenation, modernization, and prosperity
  12. 26. society CCP propaganda term for the continuation of economic reform but with more concern for the growing wealth and welfare gap between urban and rural China
  13. 29. capitalists Private entrepreneurs who are also members of the CCP and whose interests generally align with those of the party-state
  14. 31. Consensus Neomercantilist model of state-led capitalist development adopted by China and proposed as alternative to Western neoliberal model known as the Washington consensus
  15. 33. Li China's premier and head of government (2013-2023)
  16. 35. Square Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.
  17. 36. and Road Initiative A global development strategy adopted by the Chinese government involving infrastructure development and investments in 152 countries and international organizations in Asia, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the Americas.
  18. 38. Liberation Army Chinese Communist army; administered much of country under People's Republic of China.
  19. 39. Represents Jiang Zemin's 2001 policy that China should always represent the development needs of China's advancing productivity, advancing culture, & the interests of the majority of the population (co-opting private entrepreneurs into the CCP) (workers, peasants, merchants)
Down
  1. 2. March The 6,000-mile (9,600-kilometer) flight of Chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek.
  2. 4. campaign Xi Jinping's sweeping campaign against graft and other forms of corruption, launched in 2012 and used both to tackle government malfeasance at all levels and eliminate political rivals
  3. 6. system A longstanding Chinese system whereby all inhabitants must obtain and carry with them residency permits that indicate where an individual is from and where they may exercise particular rights such as education, health care, housing, and the like.
  4. 7. Party Congress body of over 2,000 delegates chosen primarily from congresses on lower levels; meets every 5 years to rubberstamp decisions by party leaders; main power: elect members of the Central Committee
  5. 8. (KMT) China's Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat-sen and led by Chiang Kai-shek, who was overthrown by Mao's Communists in 1949 and forced to flee to Taiwan
  6. 10. Yat-sen Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Kuomintang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders.
  7. 13. A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia.
  8. 17. country, two systems Term for China's guarantee to Hong Kong of 50 years of domestic autonomy as a "special administrative region" after the British colony was returned to China in 1997
  9. 18. Communist Party Party formed in 1923 when Sun Yat-Sen merged the Third Communist International and the KMT to create the first of many liberation fronts. This front was completely anticonservative and anti-imperialist, but not fully communist. Eventually it would separate from and defeat the KMT under Mao Zedong in 1927.
  10. 20. versus experts Term describing Mao's policy favoring politically indoctrinated party cadres (Reds) over those people who had economic training (experts)
  11. 21. Deng Paramount leader (1978-97) who launched China's policy of economic reform and opening
  12. 22. Zedong (1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.
  13. 24. (work unit) system Maoist program providing all Chinese citizens lifetime affiliation with a work unit governing all aspects of their lives
  14. 25. Jinping The current president of China and leader of the Chinese Communist Party who, despite being born to high-ranking father, worked his way up from the lowest ranks of the party.
  15. 27. Fourth Movement A national protest in China in 1919, in which people demonstrated against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign interference.
  16. 28. economic zones specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment
  17. 30. Jiang Deng's successor in the 1990s as China's paramount leader
  18. 32. Hu China's paramount leader from 2002 to 2012
  19. 34. Guards the Radical youth of the Cultural Revolution in China starting in 1966. Often wore red armbands and carried Mao's Little Red Book.
  20. 37. of humiliation China's term for its domination by imperialists from the first Opium War to Communist victory, 1839-1949
  21. 40. and opening Deng's economic liberalization policy in China, starting in the late 1970s