Across
- 4. – Religion that spread into China and influenced philosophy and state policies despite Confucian resistance.
- 5. – Blended philosophy combining Confucianism with Buddhist and Daoist ideas, influential in state ideology.
- 7. – Fast-ripening crop from Vietnam that boosted Song Dynasty agriculture and population growth.
- 10. – Administrative system of officials that allowed the Chinese state to centralize authority.
- 12. – Effort by Muslim scholars to preserve and translate Greek, Persian, and Indian knowledge.
- 13. – Chinese printing innovation that expanded literacy and knowledge.
- 15. – Dynasty ruling China from 960–1279, noted for prosperity, innovation, and centralization.
- 18. – Test system in China that selected officials based on knowledge of Confucian texts.
- 19. – Educated elite in China who gained power through exams and reinforced bureaucracy.
- 20. – Diplomatic practice requiring foreign states to offer gifts in exchange for trade rights with China.
Down
- 1. – Weakening of central power in Baghdad that allowed new Islamic states to emerge.
- 2. – Mystical branch of Islam that spread the faith through missionary work and personal devotion.
- 3. – Confucian value stressing respect for parents and elders, reinforcing social and political hierarchy.
- 6. – Indian Ocean and trans-Saharan routes that facilitated economic growth and spread Islam.
- 8. – Supreme ruler in China, regarded as the Son of Heaven with the Mandate of Heaven.
- 9. – Network of trade routes linking China with Central Asia, the Middle East, and beyond.
- 11. – Idea that officials should be chosen for talent and ability, embodied in the exam system.
- 14. – Intellectual center in Baghdad where scholars preserved and studied classical texts.
- 16. – Political order where rule passed through hereditary family lines in China.
- 17. – Chinese philosophy emphasizing hierarchy and order, central to governance and education.