China's Revolution and Communism

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  1. 5. The founding leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the first Chairman of the People's Republic of China (PRC). He led China through the Chinese Civil War, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution.
  2. 6. The leader of the Kuomintang after Sun Yixian’s death. He led the Republic of China and fought against both the CCP and Japanese forces before being defeated by Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War and retreating to Taiwan.
  3. 8. Also known as the Xinhai Revolution, this uprising led to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China, ending over 2,000 years of imperial rule.
  4. 10. The founding father of the Republic of China and the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang). He was a key revolutionary figure who sought to modernize China based on his Three Principles of the People.
  5. 11. A disastrous economic and social campaign (1958-1962) launched by Mao Zedong to rapidly industrialize China and increase agricultural production through collectivization. It led to widespread famine and millions of deaths.
  6. 13. A political and social movement (1966-1976) initiated by Mao Zedong to reinforce communist ideology, eliminate opposition, and remove remnants of capitalist or traditional elements in China. It led to widespread persecution, social chaos, and economic decline.
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  1. 1. A nationalist and anti-imperialist movement that began on May 4, 1919, in response to the Treaty of Versailles allowing Japan to retain control of Chinese territories. It led to a surge in Chinese nationalism, intellectual awakening, and the rise of communist ideology.
  2. 2. A conflict between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1927 to 1949, which resulted in the CCP's victory and the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
  3. 3. A year-long, 6,000-mile retreat (1934-1935) of the Chinese Communist forces led by Mao Zedong to escape Kuomintang attacks. It strengthened Mao’s leadership and became a symbol of communist perseverance.
  4. 4. A political party founded by Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen) in 1912 that sought to unify China under a centralized government. It later became the ruling party of China until it was overthrown by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949 and retreated to Taiwan.
  5. 7. The communist state established in 1949 by Mao Zedong after the victory of the CCP in the Chinese Civil War, replacing the Republic of China, which retreated to Taiwan.
  6. 9. Sun Yixian’s political philosophy aimed at modernizing China, consisting of nationalism (independence from foreign control), democracy (a government based on popular sovereignty), and people’s livelihood (economic development and social welfare).
  7. 12. The Red Guards were radical youth groups mobilized by Mao during the Cultural Revolution to enforce communist ideology and attack perceived enemies of the revolution. The "Little Red Book" was a collection of Mao's quotes used as propaganda to promote his ideas.