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Across
  1. 4. a series of actions that produce a certain result
  2. 10. a West African empire ruled by the Mande that became a major crossroads of the Islamic world
  3. 13. an item left by an earlier culture
  4. 14. the process in which a liquid, such as water, turns into a gas
  5. 15. the study of wisdom, knowledge, and the nature of reality
  6. 18. to pass something on to someone else
  7. 21. a society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose
  8. 22. to examine or think about carefully
  9. 24. one or a number of simple shapes, such as triangles, squares, or circles
  10. 28. a people who broke away from the empire of Mali and eventually built their own vast empire in West Africa
  11. 29. to be completely committed to something; loyal
  12. 30. a traditional form of cloth produced in West Africa
Down
  1. 1. to change one’s belief on something
  2. 2. an ancient West African city built along the Niger River
  3. 3. trade between peoples north and south of the Sahara
  4. 5. a vegetation zone of tall grasses and scattered trees, with a long rainy season
  5. 6. the process of melting ore to produce iron or other metals from it
  6. 7. payment made by one ruler or country to another for protection or as a sign of submission
  7. 8. a family line traced through the mother
  8. 9. a large, hot desert in North Africa that covers about 3.5 million square miles
  9. 11. the first West African ruler to practice Islam devoutly
  10. 12. the longest river in West Africa, and a kind of trading highway in early times
  11. 15. a family line traced through the father
  12. 16. a zone of semidesert, south of the Sahara, where short grasses, small bushes, and a few trees grow
  13. 17. to say what will happen in the future, based on experience or reason
  14. 19. a people living in West Africa in the 500s B.C.E. who mastered ironworking
  15. 20. a medieval civilization and empire in West Africa
  16. 23. a baked clay used to make pottery, tiles, and sculptures
  17. 25. to be sympathetic and accepting of what others believe or do, even if those ideas differ from your own
  18. 26. an economic good; something useful or valued
  19. 27. functioning in the best way, with very little or no waste