Across
- 2. The best predictor of V02 max (cardiovascular capacity) is cardiac ______ which can be increased as much as 20% with training.
- 3. The pause of the action potential within the heart at the AV bundle (Bundle of His) before passing to the bundle branches allow for atrial _________. It is represented by the P-R interval on an EKG.
- 7. EDV – SV = ______. The volume in the ventricles during isovolumetric relaxation.
- 11. Structures that connect myocytes which allow for chemical and electrical coupling.
- 12. ______ dominance occurs during exercise, increasing parasympathetic activity and possibly reducing sympathetic activity.
- 14. Blood ______ balances with a need for greater blood flow to working muscles and may be limited during exercise.
- 16. The anticipation of exercise will _______ heart rate and blood flow before activity begins due to cortical input.
- 17. Period of time when an additional action potential is prevented from restimulating the heart. Required to allow the heart to fill so it can keep pumping.
- 19. Training can increase stroke volume and decrease heart rate, leading to greater efficiency and an improved pressure-_______ relationship.
- 20. After the ventricles eject blood, a period of isovolumetric _______ occurs where pressure drops within the ventricles but volume stays the same.
Down
- 1. Veins serve as reservoirs of blood storing as much as 65% of blood volume at rest. They are _______ vessels.
- 3. Trained individuals may have and increase in myocardial _______ as stroke volume is increased, possibly as much as 20%.
- 4. Blood flow through the heart is __________ and the orientation of valves control the flow.
- 5. Training can reduce the intrinsic firing rate of the ________ node.
- 6. The action potential that spreads through the heart is greater than the resting membrane potential by about 20 mV. The extra voltage is called the _______ potential.
- 8. The heart remains depolarized for a fraction of a second in both the atria and ventricles before being rapidly repolarized. The period of depolarization is represented by a _________ which allows for a long, strong isometric contraction to build pressure.
- 9. During steady-state exercise, a prolonged increase in temperature may exhaust the metabolic systems of the heart causing cardiovascular _______.
- 10. The greatest control over heart rate during exercise is provided by the _________.
- 13. As much as 75% of blood is stored in ______, the low pressure collection and return circuit.
- 15. Primary purpose of the atria, although they do also act as primer pumps.
- 18. After submaximal exercise, _______ blood pressure can be reduced to pre-exercise levels temporarily because total peripheral resistance is low after exercise.