Across
- 3. A system of government where power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.
- 7. A formal expression of opinion or choice by citizens in an election or ballot.
- 10. An English Enlightenment philosopher who argued that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
- 11. The legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person, ensuring fair treatment through the judicial system.
- 13. The shared heritage of values, morals, and laws derived from Judaism and Christianity that influenced Western legal concepts.
- 16. A governing body whose power is restricted by law, usually through a constitution.
- 20. The active involvement of citizens in their community and government.
- 23. A 17th and 18th-century European intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individualism over tradition.
- 26. A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people.1st Amendment: The constitutional addition protecting freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
- 27. The 1776 historic document announcing the separation of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.
- 32. The core democratic principle that all human beings possess equal worth and fundamental rights.
- 34. The supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom and several other nations.
- 35. A landmark 1215 English charter that limited the power of the king and established basic legal rights.
- 37. A body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct, discoverable through human reason.
- 38. The process by which a government levies fees on citizens and businesses to fund public services.
- 40. Political independence and the right of a people to govern themselves without external control.
- 41. The fundamental universal entitlements that individuals possess inherently from birth.
- 42. The historical Mediterranean civilization known as the birthplace of direct democracy.
- 43. The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit centralized power.
- 44. The forced housing and feeding of military troops by civilians in their private homes.
- 45. Natural rights that cannot be taken away
Down
- 1. The democratic idea that a government’s legitimacy and moral right to use state power is only justified when justified by the people.
- 2. The freedom of individuals or communities to practice their faith without government interference.
- 4. A deliberative assembly with the specific authority to make, amend, and repeal laws for a political unit.
- 5. A unique city-state structure characteristic of ancient Greek civilization.
- 6. An Enlightenment thinker who famously advocated for the separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
- 8. A 1689 document that limited royal power and guaranteed free elections and freedom of speech within Parliament.
- 9. A political system where citizens elect officials to make laws and govern on their behalf.
- 10. The fair, equitable, and impartial treatment of all individuals under the law.
- 12. A form of government where representatives rule according to a constitution that protects minority rights.
- 14. An official statement of a complaint or a wrong suffered, as listed by colonists against King George III.
- 15. The dedication of citizens to the common welfare of their community, even at the cost of their individual interests.
- 17. The first governing document of Plymouth Colony, establishing a framework for self-government in 1620.
- 18. A system of government in which a king or queen rules with powers restricted by a constitution or parliament.
- 19. A formal written law passed by a legislative body.
- 21. The absolute freedom of individuals to act and speak as they choose, provided they do not infringe upon the rights of others.
- 22. The historical civilization that introduced a representative republic and codified legal systems to the Western world.
- 24. A system that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches.
- 25. An implicit agreement among members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, often by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.
- 28. A highly influential 1776 pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence.
- 29. A formal document outlining the fundamental principles and laws of a nation or state.
- 30. The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws and administering justice.
- 31. A cruel, unreasonable, and oppressive arbitrary use of government power or authority.
- 33. Formal assemblies, such as congresses or parliaments, responsible for making and passing laws.
- 36. The principle that all individuals, including leaders, are equally subject to the law.
- 39. A legal proceeding conducted fairly and impartially before an unbiased judge and jury.