Across
- 4. was an American politician who served as a Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, during the American Civil Rights Movement.
- 7. a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi, part of a larger effort by civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to expand black voting in the South.
- 9. Rapid urbanization has led to the rise of these, often inner city.
- 13. an American civil rights activist and Baptist minister who first rose to prominence as leader of the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott challenging segregated public transportation.
- 15. is an American civil rights activist, and a leader and strategist of the student wing of the Civil Rights Movement.
- 18. a civil rights activist who became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962
- 19. prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
- 22. refers to the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders established to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the U.S. and to provide recommendations for the future. The chairman of the Commission was Otto Kerner.
- 25. An American labor leader of the twentieth century. Lewis served for many years as president of the United Mine Workers and founded the Congress of Industrial Organizations
- 27. the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
- 28. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was one of the most important organizations of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
- 31. A black seamstress from Montgomery, Alabama, who, in 1955, refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery city bus to a white person, as she was legally required to do.
- 32. The Congress of Racial Equality is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement
- 33. the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, is a civil rights organization founded in 1909 to fight prejudice, lynching, and Jim Crow segregation, and to work for the betterment of "people of color."
- 34. an organization composed chiefly of African Americans, advocating the teachings of Islam and originally favoring the separation of black and white racial groups in the United States: members are known as Black Muslims
Down
- 1. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization.
- 2. Martin Luther King Jr. organized this in 1955, which began a chain reaction of similar boycotts throughout the South. In 1956, the Supreme Court voted to end segregated busing.
- 3. a member of a militant political organization set up in the US in 1966 to fight for black rights.
- 5. a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented f
- 6. a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.
- 8. state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965.
- 10. is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.
- 11. the Democratic Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967, famously known for his vigorous stand against the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in 1957. In 1957, Governor Faubus deployed National Guardsmen to block Supreme Court-ordered school integration.
- 12. a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race.
- 14. the child associated with the lead name in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, which led to the outlawing of U.S. school segregation in 1954.
- 16. two white men kidnapped, beat him and shot him in the head. The men were tried for murder, but an all-white, male jury acquitted them.
- 17. an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.
- 18. an American Major League Baseball (MLB) second baseman who became the first African American to play in the major leagues in the modern era.
- 20. A political leader of the twentieth century. As governor of Alabama in the 1960s, he resisted integration and promised to “stand at the schoolhouse door” to bar black people from admission to the University of Alabama.
- 21. was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.
- 23. a prominent African-American lawyer, Dean of Howard University Law School, and NAACP Litigation Director who played a significant role in dismantling the Jim Crow laws, which earned him the title "The Man Who Killed Jim Crow".
- 24. was one of three American civil rights activists murdered near Philadelphia, Mississippi, during Freedom Summer in 1964 by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
- 26. A Democratic party political leader of the twentieth century, who was president from 1963 to 1969. He rose to power in the Senate. He was elected vice president in 1960, running with John F. Kennedy, and became president after Kennedy was assassinated.
- 29. An African-American political leader of the twentieth century. A prominent Black Muslim, this person explained the group's viewpoint
- 30. a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s.