Civil War

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Across
  1. 4. A soldier who served the officers of his regiment by carrying mail or messages.
  2. 9. Resisting or protecting against attack from someone.
  3. 12. Loyal to the Confederacy. Also Southern or Rebel.
  4. 13. Gunboats using stacked cotton bales to protect themselves from enemy fire.
  5. 14. A two-wheeled cart that carried two ammunition chests, tools, and a spare wheel for artillery pieces. The caisson could be attached to a limber, which would allow both to be pulled by a team of horses.
  6. 16. A draftee. The military draft became a necessity on both sides of the conflict. While many conscripts were excellent soldiers, veterans often considered draftees to be inferior, unreliable soldiers. Towns often posted pleas for volunteers in order to “avoid the draft”. See image»
  7. 17. A very large group of soldiers led by (Union) a major general or (Confederate) a lieutenant general and designated by Roman numerals (such as XI Corps). Confederate corps were often called by the name of their commanding general (as in Jackson's Corps). 1 company = 50 to 100 men, 10 companies = 1 regiment, about 4 regiments = 1 brigade, 2 to 5 brigades = 1 division, 2 or more divisions = 1 corps, 1 or more corps = 1 army.
  8. 19. Stipulation adopted by both the Union and Confederate governments which allowed certain draftees to pay a fee in order to avoid military service. Because the fee was higher than the average worker's annual salary, this provision angered less-wealthy citizens on both sides of the war.
  9. 20. Roll of thin paper which held a small amount of gun powder in the bottom and a ball or bullet in the top. A soldier needed to tear off the top of the cartridge in order to fire his weapon - part of the nine steps to fire a muzzle loading gun
  10. 21. Party, The major political party in America most sympathetic to states rights and willing to tolerate the spread of slavery to the territories. Democrats opposed a strong Federal government. Most Southern men were Democrats before the War.
  11. 22. To arrange walls, embankments and other features of a fortification or field work so that the enemy cannot make an accurate shot inside.
  12. 23. A flag identifying a regiment or army. The “Color Bearer” was the soldier who carried the flag in battle, which was considered a great honor.
  13. 24. de Main, A French term used to describe a quick, vigorous attack that surprises the enemy.
Down
  1. 1. Escaped slaves who fled to the Union lines for protection. See image»
  2. 2. To practice marching, military formations and the steps in firing and handling one's weapon.
  3. 3. Nineteenth-century term for the condition known today as edema. Fluid builds up in the tissues and causes limbs to swell up horribly.
  4. 5. in Detail, Defeating a military force unit by unit. This occurred when units were unable to support one another, often because of distance.
  5. 6. Also called the South or the Confederate States of America, the Confederacy incorporated the states that seceded from the United States of America to form their own nation. Confederate states were: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.
  6. 7. A group of 50 to 100 soldiers led by a captain. 10 companies = 1 regiment, about 4 regiments = 1 brigade, 2 to 5 brigades = 1 division, 2 or more divisions = 1 corps, 1 or more corps = 1 army.
  7. 8. A military movement which is used to draw the enemy's attention, distracting the enemy so that an attack can be made in another location.
  8. 9. Intestinal disease causing severe diarrhea. Dysentery was a leading cause of deaths by disease.
  9. 10. Smoothbore heavy artillery which lobbed shot and shell; used in coastal fortifications. By the end of the Civil War, the columbiad was rendered obsolete by rifled, banded artillery. See image»
  10. 11. A metal blade, like a long knife or short sword, that could be attached to the end of a musket or rifle-musket and used as a spear or pike in hand-to-hand combat.
  11. 15. A place where weapons and other military supplies are manufactured.
  12. 16. Term for a Northerner who opposed the war effort.
  13. 18. Guns, Bronze boat howitzers and rifles used by the navies which were useful in river operations. They were named after Admiral John A. Dahlgren, their inventor. See image»