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- 4. A political ideology characterized by a preference for the interests of native-born or established inhabitants over those of immigrants.
- 7. A significant battle fought in Georgia on July 22, 1864, during Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, resulting in a Union victory and the eventual capture of Atlanta.
- 8. A significant battle fought in southwestern Tennessee on April 6-7, 1862, during the American Civil War, resulting in a Union victory that established Ulysses S. Grant as a prominent military leader.
- 11. Term used during the Civil War for escaped slaves who sought refuge behind Union lines, as they were considered "contraband" property and not subject to return to Confederate owners.
- 13. A pivotal battle in the Civil War, fought from May to July 1863, resulting in a Union victory that gave the North control of the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy in two.
- 14. A major battle fought in Virginia on December 11-15, 1862, resulting in a Confederate victory and a significant loss for the Union Army led by General Ambrose Burnside.
- 16. Fought on June 27, 1864, near Kennesaw Mountain in Georgia, during Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, resulting in a Confederate victory.
- 17. The period following the Civil War during which the United States government attempted to rebuild and integrate the Southern states back into the Union, address the social and economic issues resulting from the war, and establish civil rights for newly freed African Americans.
- 18. A town in Virginia where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.
- 19. Also known as the First Battle of Bull Run, it was the first major battle of the Civil War, fought near Manassas, Virginia, on July 21, 1861, resulting in a Confederate victory.
- 20. A presidential proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, declaring all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free.
- 21. Originally a term for Kansas abolitionist fighters, later used more broadly to describe guerrilla fighters and raiders, particularly those who operated on the Union side during the Civil War.
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- 1. Fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, it was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history and ended in a Union victory, providing President Lincoln with the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
- 2. A military campaign led by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman during the American Civil War, characterized by the Union army's destruction of infrastructure and resources across Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah in late 1864.
- 3. A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved African Americans to escape to free states and Canada before and during the Civil War.
- 5. Fought on July 1-3, 1863, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, it was the largest battle of the Civil War and a turning point in favor of the Union, resulting in a Confederate defeat.
- 6. A Union strategy during the Civil War to blockade Confederate ports and control the Mississippi River, effectively strangling the Confederacy's economy and supply lines.
- 9. Refers to the largest recorded sale of enslaved people in U.S. history, which took place in Savannah, Georgia, in 1859, resulting in families being forcibly separated.
- 10. Laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the freedom and rights of African Americans, effectively continuing the system of slavery in a different form.
- 12. A federal fort located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, where the first shots of the American Civil War were fired on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces bombarded the fort, leading to its surrender.
- 15. A term commonly used to describe small landowning farmers, particularly in the context of agrarian societies.
- 16. A major Civil War battle in December 1864, part of Sherman's March to the Sea, where Union forces captured the city of Savannah, Georgia.