Civil War Western Vriginia

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Across
  1. 3. Wheeling Convention- A meeting in June 1861 following the plebiscite which authorized Virginia’s secession from the Union on May 23rd. The 2nd Wheeling Convention sought to “reconstruct” or “restore” the government of Virginia, one that would be loyal to the Union and to create a constitution for a new state of mostly Trans-Allegheny counties.
  2. 6. the glorified horse soldiers often most closely associated with the knights of the Middle Ages. Often arrogant or cocky, these soldiers are used to out-flank enemy infantry or artillery units. Today cavalry is no longer dependent on horses, rather, they ride into battle in tanks or on helicopters. Still, fast, unpredictable maneuver is the staple of cavalry doctrine.
  3. 11. any official request of government made on behalf of its citizens or a group of citizens.
  4. 13. the easternmost region of Virginia defined by the river valleys that drain to the Chesapeake Bay.
  5. 15. T. Willey- Statehood proponent and strong supporter of the Unionist message, Willey, along with Pierpont, is often called “the Father of West Virginia.” As one of Restored Virginia’s two senators, Willey introduced the WV statehood bill into the US Senate and authored the compromise, later called the Willey Amendment, which gained congressional support for WV statehood.
  6. 17. of Cheat Mountain- General Robert E. Lee’s abortive attempt to defeat General John Reynolds and recapture the Kanawha Valley. Lee’s plans were too ambitious and his commanders lacked proper discipline to achieve the necessary coordination. Bad weather, in particular heavy rains, also doomed Lee’s plans. Lee was removed from his command soon after.
  7. 18. Government of Virginia- The loyal government created, but not elected, in Wheeling by pro-Union factions from across Virginia. It claimed to act on behalf of all Virginia in order to meet eligibility requirements to severe the western counties from Virginia to form West Virginia, as required under the Constitution.
  8. 19. Amendment- A provision adopted by Congress as proposed by Restored Virginia Senator Waitman T. Willey to address slavery and free black immigrants in West Virginia. The amendment permitted entry of free blacks into WV and emancipated slaves not 21 years old on 7/4/1863 upon their 21st birthday.
Down
  1. 1. a posted soldier or group of soldiers whose job it is to search for or observe enemy movements; a look out. Today, these are called LP/Ops (Listening Post/Observation Post).
  2. 2. Dominion- The State of Virginia. In colonial times, there were five dominions within the British Empire: England, Scotland, Ireland, France, and Virginia were counted among these from first to last. When Scotland and England were consolidated in 1707, Virginia was counted as the fourth dominion.
  3. 4. H. Pierpont- Marion County native and grandson of Colonel Zackquill Morgan who was elected first (and only) governor of Restored Virginia at the Second Wheeling Convention in June 1861. Pierpont later served as governor of Virginia from May 1865 to April 1868, until Reconstruction began in that state. He is one of only two West Virginians whose statue resides in the US Capitol in Washington, D.C.
  4. 5. Order of Secession- The April 17, 1861 proclamation issued by the legislature of the Commonwealth of Virginia authorizing a plebiscite to secede from the Union.
  5. 7. the military component responsible for “fire support” of infantry units via cannons, mortars, or howitzers.
  6. 8. the foot soldiers which comprise the largest component of any army. Often infantry are referred to as “grunts” as they are typically asked to exert the most physical effort, take the greatest risks, endure the most severe hardships, and often suffer the greatest casualties.
  7. 9. S. Carlile- Unionist Party Senator for Restored Virginia. A native of Clarksburg, VA, Carlile called for a convention of delegates to secede from Virginia if Virginia seceded from the Union. Carlile, a strict constitutionalist, did not believe Congress had the right to dictate terms of a state’s constitution, so he opposed any alterations, including the Willey Amendment which was necessary to gain congressional approval.
  8. 10. the flat, low central region of Virginia bordered in the west by the Alleghenies and the east by the Tidewater.
  9. 11. in American politics (only), this is synonymous with vote or referendum.
  10. 12. Wheeling Convention- A meeting of delegates from 27 counties in May 1861 to discuss the impending secession plebiscite and to consider alternate courses of action in the event secession was authorized.
  11. 14. Hanger- The first amputee of the Civil War, Hanger lost his leg at the Battle of Philippi in June 1861. After recovering, he fashioned a hinged prosthetic leg which he later patented, forming the Hanger Prosthetic Company, which still operates today, a $1 billion enterprise employing 5000 workers in several countries.
  12. 16. S. Garnett- The first Civil War general from either side to be killed, Garnett led Confederates at the Battle of Rich Mountain and was mortally wounded at Corrick’s Ford three days thereafter.