Cladistic terms 2

1. name for tree diagram on which branch lengths are shown in propotion to the inferred number of evolutionary changes [9]
6. study group whose phylogeny is being assessed [7]
8. two groups or terminal that together form a monophyletic group, i.e., form the two branches from a dichotomous node on a phylogenetic tree [6,6]
9. criterion used in cladistic analyses for identifying preferred hypotheses of relationships [9]
14. character with only two states [6]
15. method of determining the polarity of character states in a dataset [8,10]
16. group on a phylogenetic tree that shares a unique common ancestor [12]
17. type of cladistic tree search that estimates the lengths of all possible trees for a set of taxa [10]
18. group on a phylogentic tree including some but not all descendants of an inferred ancestor [12]
19. character type with more than two states [10]

2. similarity due to independent evolutionary change; this can be through convergence/parallel evolution (= analogy), or reversal (= loss) [9]
3. a monophyletic group [5]
4. adjective describing primitive or ancestral character state [13]
5. derived character state unique to one terminal taxon in a phylogenetic analysis [12]
7. branch-point on a tree/cladogram [4]
10. A measure of the parsimony fit of a character to a tree, or of the average fit of all characters to a tree [11,5]
11. shared, derived character state [12]
12. type of cladistic tree search typically used for larger datasets [9]
13. character with multiple states, between which all transitions are given the same cost when calculating tree length [9]
18. branch-point in a tree at which more than two branches are joined [8]