Claditsic terms

5. shared, derived character state
7. character with multiple states, between which all transitions are given the same cost when calculating tree length
11. character type with more than two states
12. type of cladistic tree search that estimates the lengths of all possible trees for a set of taxa
15. A measure of the parsimony fit of a character to a tree, or of the average fit of all characters to a tree [two words: 11,5]
16. group on a phylogentic tree including some but not all descendants of an inferred ancestor
17. a monophyletic group
18. similarity due to independent evolutionary change; this can be through convergence/parallel evolution (= analogy), or reversal (= loss)

1. criterion used in cladistic analyses for identifying preferred hypotheses of relationships
2. study group whose phylogeny is being assessed
3. character with only two states
4. derived character state unique to one terminal taxon in a phylogenetic analysis
6. method of determining the polarity of character states in a dataset [two words: 8,10]
8. branch-point on a tree/cladogram
9. two groups or terminal that together form a monophyletic group, i.e., form the two branches from a dichotomous node on a phylogenetic tree [two words: 6,6]
10. group on a phylogenetic tree that shares a unique common ancestor
13. type of cladistic tree search typically used for larger datasets
14. adjective describing primitive or ancestral character state
16. branch-point in a tree at which more than two branches are joined