Cloning plants and animals

6. The process of removing a nucleus from a cell.
7. An egg, the female gamete.
8. The type of cell division used by an explant to grow into a plantlet.
9. The name used for process that grow cells outside of the body. IV in IVF stand for this. The Latin term means ‘in glass’. (2)
11. A method of rapidly cloning large numbers of plants using tiny cuttings.
12. Reproduction that does not involve meiosis or the formation of gametes. The offspring are genetically identical to each other and the single parent (clones).
15. The name for a tiny plant that contains roots.
16. This hormone is used to encourage the growth of new cells from plant cuttings.

1. A tiny cutting from a plant (less than 1 cm), composed of only a few hundred cells.
2. If microorganisms get into the nutrient agar, this will happen to the cells of the cutting.
3. The first mammal to be cloned using nuclear transplantation. (3)
4. The process if transferring the nucleus of one cell to another. (2)
5. Treating equipment with heat or radiation to kill all microorganisms and spores.
6. Stage of development between a zygote and a foetus.
10. Jelly used in petri dishes that can be used to grow microorganisms or in the micropropagation of plants.
13. Experimental methods that avoid contamination with microorganisms by using sterile growth medium and equipment as well as antiseptics and antibiotics.
14. A relatively large piece of a plant (bigger than a couple of cm) that is taken in order to cultivate another genetically identical copy of the original.