Clostridium difficile

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Across
  1. 4. part of C. diff with lots of protein structures
  2. 7. c. diff has _______ 29,000 people in 2011
  3. 9. restriction _____ analysis was used for showing strain diversity and transmission
  4. 12. patients can be ____________ or have severe infection
  5. 14. toxin A and toxin B are _________ sequences
  6. 18. secondary bile salts ________ spore formation
  7. 21. age when CDI risk greatly increases
  8. 23. number of tests to ensure proper diagnosis of CDI
  9. 24. antibiotic for CDI treatment
  10. 27. amount of loose stools per day to consider CDI diagnosis
  11. 28. c. difficile can remain _________ for a long period of time
  12. 29. example of CDI animal model
  13. 30. the ___ ______ has 947-1033 genes
  14. 31. c. diff spores are ______-resistant
  15. 33. drug used to treat CDI
  16. 36. third most common transmission of strain in Europe
  17. 38. clade ______ is non-toxigenic
  18. 39. type of cell wall
  19. 43. new resistant strain
  20. 45. phylum
  21. 46. size of C. diff genome is 4.3 _____
  22. 47. genes responsible for virulence factors of C. difficile are found on this element
  23. 49. killer of C. difficile is 1:10 ______ circular shape of chromosome
Down
  1. 1. type of prevention method
  2. 2. phylogenic kingdom
  3. 3. type of genome in C. difficile
  4. 5. a higher _____ of antibiotic can cause higher risk of contracting CDI
  5. 6. ineffective method of removing C. diff spores
  6. 8. ______ exposure can lead to increased risk of infection
  7. 10. a new strain of resistant C. diff was caused by a _________ mutation
  8. 11. symptoms of CDI include: severe ________, colitis, toxic megacolon, and even death
  9. 13. the ________ ____ of C. difficile is are 3.2 x 10^-7 mutations per nucleotide per year
  10. 15. c. difficile typing in North America
  11. 16. route of transmission
  12. 17. Gram positive, anaerobic bacterium in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans
  13. 19. c. difficile creates ______ in the colon
  14. 20. primary bile salts _________ spore germination
  15. 22. drug that can cause CDI
  16. 25. fecal _______ is the best way to prevent CDI
  17. 26. the rate of _____ by CDI is 1.3% within 30 days of infection
  18. 29. paloc is transferred by ___________ recombination
  19. 32. a higher _____ of antibiotic can cause higher risk of contracting CDI
  20. 34. growth characteristic
  21. 35. type of testing to diagnose CDI
  22. 37. main barrier against CDI is normal intestinal ________
  23. 40. preventative measure against CDI infection
  24. 41. c. difficile contains ___ different clades
  25. 42. bile acids are converted in this organ
  26. 44. one of the most significant ___________ infection
  27. 48. C. difficile has a ____ homologous recombination rate