Across
- 2. malformation of an organ or structure
- 12. midbrain responsible for vision, hearing, alertness, and temperature regulation
- 14. decreased orbital distance, eyes seem close together
- 16. forebrain that contains telencephalon and diencephalon
- 17. disease characteristics
- 19. a facial defect that occurs when the primary and secondary palates fail to fuse
- 21. a facial defect that occurs when there is a failure of the lateral palatine processes to fuse at the midline
- 24. rare aggressive tumor in the cranium
- 25. group of anomalies of the hindbrain prolapsing below the foramen magnum, this is classified into 4 types
- 27. abnormal migration of mesechymal tissues, does not allow for bone formation over the cerebral tissue, partial or complete absence of the skull
- 28. maldevelopment of the roof of the rhombencephalon, missing or hypoplastic cerebellar vermis causes dilation of the 4th ventricle and enlarged posterior fossa
- 30. abnormally large head, can have enlarged ventricular system
- 32. congenital obstruction of CSF flow through the aqueduct of sylvius
- 33. the soft inner membrane layer that covers the brain and the spinal cord
- 34. abnormal increase in the volume of the ventricles, caused by intra or extraventricular obstruction
- 35. chin defect where the mandible is smaller than normal, hypoplastic mandible
- 37. complete or partial absence of cerebral cortex, normal brain tissue is replaced by fluid
- 39. brain tissue only herniates through the skull defect
- 41. ability of embryonic cells to differentiate into any type of cell
- 43. the hard outer membrane layer covering the brain and spinal cord
- 44. cloverleaf shaped skull, premature suture closure, this is associated with skeletal dysplasias
- 45. the most severe form of holoprosencephaly there is no division of cerebral cortex, single monobentricle, fused thalami, absent (third ventricle, falx, csp, cc, optic tract and olfactory bulbs)
- 46. abnormal cleavage and rotation of forebrain, single central lateral ventricle, missing falx
- 47. this is composed of 3 membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
- 48. form of holoprosencephaly partially separated brain, sigle ventricular cavity, partial formation of occipital horns, partial fusion of thalami, rudimentary falx
- 49. congenital anomalies of the head due to teratogens
Down
- 1. herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull
- 3. incomplete closure involving the cranium and upper spine, this is very rare, involves the nape of the neck
- 4. CSF cyst that is caused by cavitation of normal brain tissue, thrombotic event leads to destruction of brain tissue
- 5. ventriculomegaly with increased intracranial pressure and head size
- 6. a rare cortical dysplasia, failure of neuronal migration into cerebral cortex
- 7. clefts within the cerebral cortex, unilateral or bilateral, fluid filled clefts, associated with absent CSP and CC
- 8. hindbrain containing metencephalon and mylencephalon
- 9. combination of nonimmune fetal hydrops and a cystic hygroma
- 10. tongue is large and extends beyond the teeth
- 11. decreased orbit size
- 13. this is an abnormally small head, is a developmental defect of the cerebrum
- 15. absence of the eye
- 18. substance taht intervenes with embryonic development (drugs, virus, maternal disease)
- 20. most common neural tube defect, occurs because of a failure of neural tube closure at the cranial end, brain stem is present, but forebrain is only partially developed
- 22. bleeding anywhere in the fetal cranium
- 23. form of holoprosencephaly where there is almost complete separation of hemispheres, frontal horns are fused, thalami are not fused, falx IS present
- 26. the middle membrane layer that covers the brain and spinal cord
- 29. lymphatic obstruction, lymph sacs do not communicate with the venous system, single or multiloculated lymph filled cavity around the neck
- 31. congenital brain anomaly resulting form a migrational defect of the occipital horns
- 36. increased orbital distance, eyes seem far apart
- 38. rostral or caudal (superior or inferior) end of the neural tube
- 40. enlargement of the cranium
- 42. abnormally formed organs