Colonial Period Vocabulary

4. Explorer who crossed Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas.
6. The process of settling in and taking control of another land.
7. A Spanish colonist who was given control over Indigenous labor and land.
9. Exclusive control of trade, business, or resources by one person, group, or country.
12. People with mixed Indigenous and Spanish ancestry.
14. Pirate who attacked and destroy old Panama City.
15. A sailor authorized by a government to attack enemy ships.
16. Indigenous leader who resisted Spanish conquest in Panama.
17. People of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas.
19. The illegal movement of goods in or out of a place without paying taxes or following laws.
20. Spanish governor, who founded Panama City in 1519.
21. English privateer who attacked Spanish ships and ports in the Americas.
22. A system in which Spanish settlers received Indigenous labor in exchange for protection and religious teaching.

1. A local government council during Spanish colonial times.
2. A system where people or groups are ranked from highest to lowest.
3. Explorer who reached the Americas in 1492 while sailing for Spain.
5. Leader of escaped enslaved Africans who fought for freedom in Panama.
6. A territory controlled by another country.
8. A Spanish explorer or soldier who conquered lands in the Americas.
10. Free from control by another country or power.
11. A movement that encouraged people to use reason, question authority, and support freedom and equality.
13. The act of robbing ships at sea.
15. Spaniards born in Spain who held the highest social positions in the colonies.
18. System A social system that divided people into groups based on birth, race, or social class.