Across
- 2. (Also referred to as global language.) A language that serves as a lingua franca for peoples whose native languages are different. Of the world's 6,000 or so known languages, three (English, Spanish and French) are generally considered as international languages. For example, at the Olympics, which generally enjoys the participation of many countries, hundreds of different languages are informally spoken, but all formal communication generally occurs in these three international languages: English, Spanish and French, apart from the official language of the host country.
- 3. An idiomatic expression is a saying or phrase with a figurative rather than a literal meaning, which cannot be worked out from the meaning of the component words. Examples of idiomatic expressions in English are rain cats and dogs, lick the bucket, not my cup of tea.
- 6. Addition of one or more sounds in a word- simith for smith; sumall for small, sinake for snake.
- 14. An English-lexified language that has generally emerged out of historical trauma, involving a dominant English minority and an oppressed majority whose initial mother tongue contributes significantly to the morphosyntactic construct of that language.
- 15. The language a person first learns to speak at home during childhood. The language of the family in which you grow up. A language used in official situations for legal, educational, government, and other formal communication purposes. Some countries recognise two or more official languages. For example, Canada recognizes English and French, India recognizes English and Hindi, and Haiti, Haitian creole and French.
- 18. A language with a lexical base primarily from a European in many respects. Caribbean English creoles (CEC) therefore have English as their lexical base. An example of a creole with a French lexical base is St Lucian Kweyol. The grammars pf these Creoles are in some respects patterned on their West African sources. An example is the predicative use of adjectives, as in 'mi siki' 'mwen malad'
- 19. The language variety of a community or country that is in routine widespread use in social interaction.
- 20. A systematic way of communicating feelings or idea in words and signs. A language subsumes dialects and idiolects (personal way of speaking a dialect) and may be designated as international, official, national. It may also be placed in a linguistic family or group. For example , French, Italian and Spanish belong to the Romance family of languages.
Down
- 1. The dialect of a language that is generally used for education and other formal or official purposes. It is generally held to be the most prestigious of the dialects of a language.
- 4. move between varieties of language within a single utterance or in a conversation, for example, i went late to the market and mi no get no food. In this utterance, the speaker moves from standard English i went to creole mi no get no food
- 5. Any non-verbal expression, nuance or action that communicates one's perspectives, emotions, beliefs, lifestyle and/or personhood
- 7. the standard variety of mutually intelligible English that is used in the Caribbean for educational, business and other official purposes.
- 8. A person's distinctive way of speaking or writing that arises from factors such as pronunciation, word choice and sentence structure.
- 9. A form of social communication that is in routine, widespread use in certain communities, for example, Barbados, and that is influenced by some features of a creole
- 10. A native language which has its beginnings in situations of contact where groups of people who did not share a common language were forced to communicate with each other
- 11. The range of types of language choices from highly formal and stylized to intimate, available for use.
- 12. Transportation of sounds or letters in words- aks for ask; flim for film; cripsy for crispy.
- 13. A regional or social variety of a language, usually noticeable through features of vocabulary and pronunciation and, to a lesser extent, grammar. Within English, several regional dialects can be identified, such as British English, American English, Nigerian English, Australian English and Caribbean English. Jamaican, Bajan, Belize Kriol and Trinidadian Creole are dialects of Caribbean Creole. Within Caribbean territories, there is further dialectal variation.
- 16. The gradual loss of an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word- Spector for inspector; ductor for conductor; prentice for apprentice; cause/causen for because; gainst for against
- 17. Is any digital representation(such as name, icon, picture, symbol) invented to uniquely identify a person or entity