Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas

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Across
  1. 4. Spaniards never made up more than this percentage of the American population
  2. 5. Both the Spanish American and Brazilian populations were characterized as much more ___________________ in characteristic than the North American populations that evolved in the colonies.
  3. 8. Spanish term used to refer to groups based on their precise racial heritage and skin colour.
  4. 9. Spaniards born in the Americas (ie. of Spanish lineage but born in Americas)
  5. 11. British settlers outnumbered Spanish settlers in the Americas by a ratio of _____ to one by 1750.
  6. 12. The availability of this resource to more people, and the outsider status of many British settlers, meant there was less focus on Spanish or Portuguese colonial patterns of forced labour.
  7. 13. Derogatory term used to refer to those of European-African descent in Brazil.
  8. 14. Spanish preoccupation with this concept led Spanish women, as “bearers of civilization” to have their private lives and “virtue” strictly controlled in the colonies. (3 words)
  9. 17. Most of the enslaved peoples forced to labour in the sugar industry were of this demographic, leading to gender imbalances in the sugar colonies.
  10. 20. This percentage of the slave labour force ended up in the Caribbean and Brazil.
  11. 23. British society was more rapidly changing than Spain’s authoritarian one, and included the rise of this class. (2 words)
  12. 24. term for multiracial population that evolves in Spanish colonies; group initially the product of unions between Spanish men and indigenous women
  13. 25. economic system which held that governments served their countries' economic interests best by promoting exports and accumulating bullion
  14. 28. Spaniards born in Spain, now living in Spanish colonies; see themselves at top of social hierarchy
  15. 29. Mestizo culture was largely this in nature, though Spaniards looked down upon them.
Down
  1. 1. system of large estates in which private owner of large estates in Spanish colonies employ indigenous workers with little control over own lives
  2. 2. precious metals such as silver and gold
  3. 3. forced labour system in the Spanish colonies
  4. 6. Puritans in Massachusetts and this other religious group in Pennsylvania sought to escape aspects of old-European society (including religious persecution), rather than transplanting it in the American colonies.
  5. 7. Rather than creating plantation colonies, the British developed these types of colonies.
  6. 10. British colonies had greater political autonomy, as they had local assemblies which meant a degree of _______________ (hyphenated term)
  7. 15. The immigration of more Europeans of this gender into North America than the Spanish or Brazilian colonies led to fewer interracial unions in North America.
  8. 16. Protestant focus on the reading of the Bible for oneself led to higher rates of this, in British colonies than Spanish or Portuguese.
  9. 18. This group was at the bottom of the social hierarchy in the Spanish colonies.
  10. 19. This percentage of the population in the New England colonies was European in ethnicity by 1750.
  11. 21. A key cash crop (other than sugar and cotton) grown in the North American colonies
  12. 22. After three centuries of the use of slave labour in the sugar industry, this country's population was partially or wholly of this ethnic descent.
  13. 26. Sugar was grown not as a crop primarily for local consumption, but mainly for this.
  14. 27. Sugar was grown in large quantities in the Caribbean and this Portuguese colony