Across
- 2. is a small, high-speed storage area located inside or close to the CPU, used to temporarily hold frequently accessed data to improve processing speed.
- 4. is a communication system that transfers data between components inside or outside a computer; 32-bit and 64-bit refer to the width of the data bus, indicating how much data can be transmitted at once.
- 5. is a type of malicious software that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for their release.
- 6. is a unit of digital information equal to 1,024 megabytes; commonly used to measure storage capacity. Terabyte is a unit of digital information equal to 1,024 gigabytes; widely used for large data storage capacities.
- 9. is gigahertz, a unit of frequency equal to one billion hertz, commonly used to describe the clock speed of processors.
- 12. authentication is a security process that requires two different forms of verification to access an account, adding an extra layer of protection beyond just a password.
- 13. is a small amount of storage within the CPU used to hold data temporarily; includes address registers (which hold memory addresses) and data registers (which hold data values).
- 14. is the Arithmetic Logic Unit, a component of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- 15. is a collection of 8 bits; it is important because it serves as a standard unit of data for encoding characters, representing values, and storing data in computers.
- 16. speed is the frequency at which a CPU operates, measured in hertz (Hz), indicating how many cycles per second the CPU can execute.
- 17. is a comprehensive character encoding standard that aims to represent every character from all writing systems, allowing for a global approach to text representation.
- 18. pyramid is a visual representation that categorizes computer memory into different levels, illustrating the speed and capacity of various memory types.
- 21. is a character encoding standard that represents text in computers using numerical codes for letters, digits, and special characters.
- 22. unit is the part of the CPU that directs the operation of the processor and coordinates the execution of instructions.
- 23. is the main circuit board of a computer that houses the CPU, memory, and other crucial components, allowing communication between them.
- 25. drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read and write data on optical discs, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-rays.
- 26. is the smallest unit of data in computing, representing a binary value of either 0 or 1.
- 27. drive (HDD) is a traditional data storage device that uses spinning disks coated with magnetic material to read and write data.
- 30. are software tools that perform maintenance tasks on computers, helping to manage, analyze, and optimize system performance.
- 32. are software designed to perform specific tasks for users, such as word processing, web browsing, or gaming.
- 33. is a group of microchips that manage data flow between the processor, memory, and peripherals; includes the northbridge (which connects the CPU to high-speed devices) and southbridge (which connects to lower-speed devices).
- 34. is a timing device in computers that synchronizes the operations of the CPU and other components.
Down
- 1. cycle is the process by which the CPU retrieves an instruction from memory, decodes it to understand what actions are required, and executes it.
- 2. image is a diagram that shows the architecture and components of a CPU, detailing its functions and how it processes data.
- 3. is a cybercrime technique involving deceptive communications to trick individuals into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card details.
- 4. is a numeral system that uses two symbols, typically 0 and 1, to represent data in computing.
- 7. is Basic Input/Output System, firmware that initializes and tests hardware during the boot process and provides runtime services for operating systems.
- 8. is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and power, fundamental to modern electronic circuits.
- 9. card is a hardware component responsible for rendering images and videos for display, often equipped with its own processor (GPU) and memory.
- 10. sink is a passive cooling device that dissipates heat away from electronic components to prevent overheating.
- 11. is a type of malware that records keystrokes on a keyboard to capture sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers.
- 18. is malicious software designed to harm or exploit devices, networks, or users, including viruses, worms, and Trojans.
- 19. is random access memory, a type of volatile memory that temporarily stores data and instructions for quick access by the CPU.
- 20. engineering is a manipulation technique that exploits human psychology to trick individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security.
- 24. system (OS) is software that manages hardware and software resources in a device; on smartphones, it enables apps and user interface, while on PCs, it provides a platform for applications and system management.
- 28. is the delay before a transfer of data begins following an instruction, affecting the speed and performance of data access.
- 29. gate is a basic building block of digital circuits that performs a logical operation on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output.
- 31. State Hard Drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses flash memory to store data, providing faster access times and greater durability compared to HDDs.
- 33. is the Central Processing Unit, often referred to as the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data.