Congenital Heart Defects

Edit Answers
1234567891011121314
Across
  1. 1. Pathophysiology= Persistence of fetal ductus arteriosus; Manifestation= bounding pulse, murmur; Treatment – indomethacin or surgical ligation.
  2. 5. Pathophysiology= Four heart malformations causing decreased pulmonary flow; Manifestation= cyanosis, squatting episodes; Treatment= corrective open-heart surgery.
  3. 7. _____left heart syndrome: Pathophysiology= Underdeveloped left ventricle; Manifestation= cyanosis, heart failure, shock; Treatment= staged surgical palliation or heart transplant.
  4. 9. Treatment= Keeps ductus arteriosus open in ductal-dependent lesions to maintain systemic or pulmonary flow.
  5. 11. Pathophysiology= Absence of tricuspid valve preventing right atrial outflow; Manifestation= cyanosis, tachypnea; Treatment= staged surgical correction.
  6. 12. ______of the great arteries: Pathophysiology= Aorta and pulmonary artery reversed; Manifestation= severe cyanosis at birth; Treatment= prostaglandin infusion followed by surgical arterial switch.
  7. 13. Pathophysiology= Narrowing of the aortic arch; Manifestation= upper extremity hypertension, weak femoral pulses; Treatment= balloon angioplasty or surgical repair.
  8. 14. Pathophysiology= Single arterial trunk from both ventricles; Manifestation= cyanosis, respiratory distress; Treatment= surgical separation of pulmonary and systemic circulations.
Down
  1. 2. ____septal defect: Pathophysiology= Left-to-right shunt between atria; Manifestation= fatigue, dyspnea on exertion; Treatment= surgical or catheter closure.
  2. 3. Pathophysiology= Obstruction at pulmonary valve; Manifestation= systolic murmur, right ventricular hypertrophy; Treatment= balloon valvuloplasty or valve replacement.
  3. 4. Manifestation= Bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes due to poor oxygenation; Common in cyanotic heart defects.
  4. 6. ___septal defect: Pathophysiology= Opening between ventricles causing left-to-right shunt; Manifestation= loud murmur, poor growth; Treatment= surgical patch closure.
  5. 8. Treatment= Balloon Expands narrowed heart valves or vessels using an inflated balloon catheter.
  6. 10. Clinical finding= Turbulent blood flow across abnormal cardiac structures; Common in septal defects.