Congestive Heart Failure

3. ___ depends on the heart rate and stroke volume.
4. ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and aldosterone blockers reduce preload and __.
7. ___ decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
8. In this type of failure, the heart increases its output, but the body's metabolic needs are still not met.
10. ___ results in disruption of the normal myocardial extracellular structure and causes progressive myocyte contractile dysfunction over time.
12. ___ -sided heart failure is defined as the inability to provide adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at normal central venous pressure.
13. The overall goals in the management of chronic left heart failure are based on current guidelines, severity, and to ___ preload and afterload.
14. Heart failure with reduced EF.

1. This clinical manifestation occurs due to pulmonary congestion and reduced oxygen exchange.
2. The most common primary cause of decreased contractility.
5. Treatment with this class of medicines reduces preload
6. Heart failure with preserved EF.
9. ___ is estimated by measuring the EF and is influenced by three major determinants: (1) contractility, (2) preload, and (3) afterload.
11. ___-sided heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to generate an adequate cardiac output to perfuse vital tissues.