Across
- 1. form of democracy in which political power is exercised directly by citizens
- 7. Doctrine holding that state governments and the federal government have almost completely separate functions
- 11. Replaced the Stamp Act; imposed new taxes on imports; Led to rallying cry "no taxation without representation"
- 12. powers not expressly granted to congress but added through the necessary and proper clause
- 13. initial governing authority of the United States, 1781-88
- 14. system of government in which ultimate authority rests with the national government
- 16. makes the laws
- 19. Makes federal law supreme over state laws
- 22. Compromise on legislative representation whereby the lower chamber is based on population, and the upper chamber provides equal representation to the states
- 23. to formally withdraw from a nation-state
- 24. The 1776 document declaring American independence from Great Britain and calling for equality, human rights, and citizen participation
- 27. powers expressly granted to congress by the constitution
- 28. form of government in which power derives from citizens, but public officials make policy and govern according to existing law
- 29. process for selecting state judges whereby the original nomination is by appointment, and subsequent retention is by a retention election
- 30. authority of the president to block legislation passed by congress. Congress can override a veto by a two-thirds majority in each chamber
Down
- 2. Meeting in 1787 at which twelve states intended to revise the Articles of Confederation but ended up proposing an entirely new constitution
- 3. right of states to invalidate acts of congress they believe to be illegal
- 4. compromise over slavery at the constitutional convention that granted states extra representation in the house of representatives based on their number of slaves at the ratio of three-fifths
- 5. powers retained by the states under the constitution
- 6. formal process of changing the Constitution
- 8. Documents or set of documents that establish the basic rules and procedures for how a society should be governed
- 9. the presidential electors, selected to represent the votes of their respective states, who meet every four years to cast the electoral votes for president and vice president
- 10. system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between national and state governments
- 15. authority of courts to declare laws passed by congress and acts of the executive branch to be unconstitutional
- 17. system of government in which ultimate authority rests with the regional governments
- 18. required states to return runaway slaves; negated by the thirteenth amendment
- 20. view that states have strong independent authority to resist federal rules under the constitution
- 21. first ten amendments to the constitution, which provide basic political rights
- 25. rule by the people
- 26. gives congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, with Indian tribes, and among the various states