Across
- 4. They explore the region gained with the Louisiana Purchase. With the help of Sacajawea, they eventually reached the Pacific Ocean.
- 6. Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.
- 8. Designed to pay off the U.S.'s war debts and stabilize the economy, he believed that the United States should become a leading international commercial power. His programs included the creation of the National Bank, the establishment of the U.S.'s credit rate, increased tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. Also, he insisted that the federal government assume debts incurred by the states during the war.
- 9. Passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act. It reopened trade with all but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France.
- 14. He served as chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835. His interpretations of the Constitution in cases such as Marbury versus Madison served to strengthen the power of the Court and the power of the federal government generally.
- 17. Fought between Britain and the U.S. largely over the issues of trade and impressment.
- 18. Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution.
- 21. A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France that had begun with the French Revolution. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries.
- 24. Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in the Senate and representation based on population in the House of Representitives.
- 29. Treaty between the U.S. and Spain - which gave the U.S. navigation rights to the Mississippi River and access to the Port of New Orleans.
- 30. Ended the War of 1812.
- 31. Established a federal court system judicial branch composed of Supreme Court and other courts.
- 33. The election of Jefferson marked the first party overturn in American history.
Down
- 1. Acquisition of Louisiana territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the United States, opening vast tracts for settlement.
- 2. One of the most significant occurrences in the history of American religion. Countless people were converted and many churches were changed and revived. Not only affecting religion, the movement influenced many other aspects such as prison reform, the women's rights movement, abolishment of slavery, advancements in literature, and reform in education. Women's roles in the church were greatly affected and they deeply encouraged the religious revival, setting up many organizations and charities.
- 3. Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
- 5. American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged.
- 7. Acts passed by Federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government.
- 10. First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.
- 11. An agreement with Britain - It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793, Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley.
- 12. The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population.
- 13. Popular uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tax on whiskey. In a show of strength and resolve by the new central government, Washington put down the rebellion with militia drawn from several states.
- 15. Proposed by James Madison, it favored large states, basing the number of representatives a state was entitled to, on the size of its population.
- 16. First ten amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing civil rights for American citizens as forced by Antifederalists, drafted by a group led by James Madison.
- 19. The idea that a responsible, well-educated mother educates and raises her sons to become good political leaders.
- 20. Opposed a strong central government, skeptical about undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution, insisted on Bill of Rights; included Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe.
- 22. Jefferson's presidential candidate who received the same number of electoral votes for the presidency. He later joined a group of Federalist extremists to plot the secession of New England and New York. He killed Alex Hamilton in a duel. He was arrested for treason.
- 23. A law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists - "Midnight Judges".
- 25. Law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States. It ended up hurting the U.S. economy more than anyone - repealed by the Non - Intercourse Act in 1809.
- 26. Convention of Federalists from five New England states who opposed the War of 1812 and resented the strength of Southern and Western interests in Congress and in the White House. Led to the fall of the Federalist Party.
- 27. Supreme court case that established the principle of "judicial review" - the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.
- 28. He opposed Hamilton's political ideas and was a part of the Democratic Republican Party, favoring strong state governments. He doubled the size of American (Louisiana Purchase) which led to expeditions that expanded the knowledge of geography in America.
- 32. Act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service. Employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France. Was a continual source of conflict between Britain and the United States.