Across
- 2. A particle made of two protons and two neutrons, emitted as ionising radiation from some radioactive isotopes.
- 3. A particle of radiation emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom when it decays. It is an electron.
- 4. Charged particles with a high energy that come from stars, neutron stars, black holes and supernovae.
- 6. A tiny particle with a negative charge and very little mass.
- 8. The number of protons in an atomic nucleus. Another term for atomic number.
- 9. Something has been _____________ if it has been exposed to ionising radiation.
- 11. A particle found in the nucleus (neutron or proton).
- 13. The number of alpha or beta particles or gamma rays detected by a Geiger–Müller tube in a certain time.
- 15. A set of wavelengths of light or other electromagnetic radiation showing which wavelengths have been given out (emitted) by a substance.
- 17. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It is also known as the nucleon number.
- 18. A change to the DNA instructions in a cell.
- 21. A simple substance made up of only one type of atom.
- 22. Radiation that can cause charged particles (ions) to be formed. It can cause tissue damage and DNA mutations.
- 24. particle A particle made of two protons and two neutrons, emitted as ionising radiation from some radioactive isotopes.
- 25. The mass of something compared to the mass of something else which is often given the mass of 1.
- 27. Atoms of an element with the same number of protons (atomic number) but different mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons.
- 28. A particle that is smaller than an atom, such as a proton, neutron or electron.
- 29. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It is also known as the proton number.
- 32. The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next wave.
Down
- 1. A high-frequency electromagnetic wave emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom.
- 3. Ionising radiation that is around us all the time from a number of sources.
- 5. Another term for mass number.
- 7. A particle found in the nucleus of an atom, having a positive charge and the same mass as a neutron.
- 10. A particle found in the nucleus of an atom having zero charge and mass of 1 (relative to a proton).
- 12. An unwanted addition that makes something unsuitable or impure, e.g. a person may be ____________by getting a radioactive substance on their skin or inside their body.
- 14. A spectrum of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) that includes black lines. These are caused by some wavelengths being absorbed by the materials that the light (or radiation) passes through.
- 16. The model that explains the properties of different states of matter in terms of the movement of particles.
- 19. The smallest neutral part of an element that can take part in chemical reactions.
- 20. An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge due to the gain or loss of electrons.
- 23. The central part of an atom or ion.
- 26. The average time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample of radioactive material to have decayed. It is also the time taken for the activity of a source to fall to half its value.
- 29. The number of emissions of ionising radiation from a sample in a given time.
- 30. Area around a nucleus that can be occupied by electrons. Shells are usually drawn as circles. Also called an electron energy level or an orbit.
- 31. An _________nucleus in an atom is one that will decay and give out ionising radiation.