Across
- 2. Attempts to identify types of crime.
- 3. The most widespread and evaluated type of restorative program.
- 5. Offenders are made to feel humiliation due to their transgressions.
- 6. A theory that blames capitalism for crime and advocates violent revolution as a means of its eradication.
- 8. Advocates peace and justice as the solution to the crime problem.
- 9. Includes emerging perspectives such as left realism, peacemaking, and postmodernism that view the causes of crime as due to class, ethnic, and patriarchal (male-dominated) relations endemic in society.
- 10. Redefines the roles and goals of criminal justice agencies to include a broader mission—to prevent crime, address local social problems and conflicts, and involve neighborhood residents in planning and decision making.
- 11. Elliott applies his integrated theory to juvenile delinquency in an effort that combines strain (anomie), social control, and social learning theory.
- 13. The dominant approach today in feminist criminology; its major theme is patriarchy (male power and domination in society).
- 15. In feminist criminology, the question is raised as to whether theories of men’s behavior apply to women.
- 17. Consists of a variety of perspectives that challenge basic assumptions of mainstream criminology.
- 19. In labeling theory, this refers to the initial criminal act itself.
- 20. The error of attempting to have a specific theory explain all crime.
- 23. May be considered the founder of Black criminology.
- 26. A term to describe agents or officials who are concerned with creating and labeling new categories of deviance to expand the social control functions of their organization.
- 28. A theoretical approach that attacks modernity or scientific rationality.
- 29. Deviance that ensues as a result of a person being labeled and stigmatized as a criminal.
- 30. The types of crime a theory is intended to cover.
- 31. Advocates a pluralistic conflict model of criminal law.
- 32. A typology of crimes that looks at identification with crime, societal reaction, and group involvement.
Down
- 1. Braithwaite calls for efforts to reintegrate the offender back into the community of respectables.
- 4. Approach that takes the view that criminology has been biased and does not express the female viewpoint.
- 7. Defined as a crime of male power and the use of violence to control and dominate women.
- 12. The term that comes from the attempts to translate radical ideas into realistic social policy.
- 14. Points to a conflict of interest among groups in which the dominant group controls the legal machinery of the state.
- 16. A theoretical attempt to translate radical ideas into realistic social policy.
- 18. Approach assumes that different class, racial, ethnic, and subculturally distinct interest groups vie for political dominance and the assistance of the legal machinery of the state to protect their interests.
- 21. Asserts that crime is a label attached to wrongdoing, and often the label becomes a stigma that increases criminality (also called societal reaction theory).
- 22. Thornberry’s theory attempts to combine social structure, social control, and social learning theories indicating that the importance of different variables changes over the life course.
- 24. In Marxist theory, such action is more important than theory.
- 25. Proposes a pluralistic model with a variety of groups competing for control of the lawmaking and enforcement machinery to protect their vested interests.
- 27. Views criminal law as originating in agreement of the majority.