Across
- 1. mining technique that creates a large visible pit or hole in the ground
- 3. average concentration of an element in Earth's crust
- 4. mining technique in which the entire top of a mountain is removed w/ explosive
- 6. Mining techniques used when the desired resource in more than 100m below the surface of the earth
- 8. horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as texture and color
- 13. least weathered soil horizon, which always occurs beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material
- 14. underlying rock material from which the inorganic components of a soil are derived
- 16. soil horizon composed primarily of mineral material w/ little organic matter
- 17. unwanted waste material created during mining including mineral and other residues that are left behind after the desired metal or ore is removed
- 18. mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals
- 21. loss of some or all of a soil's ability to support plant growth
- 23. in resource management, the known quantity of a resource that can be economically recovered
- 24. removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore
- 25. zone of leaching of eluviation,found in some acidic soils under the O horizon or less often, the A horizon
Down
- 2. process of looking for minerals, metals, and precious stones in river sediments
- 5. most fully decomposed organic matter in the lowest solution of the O horizon
- 7. precipitation high in sulfuric acid and nitric acid from reactions between water vapor and sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere
- 9. ability of a particular soil to absorb and release cations
- 10. organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition
- 11. breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions, the dissolving of chemical elements from rocks, or both
- 12. element w/ properties that allow it to conduct electricity and heat energy, and to perform other important functions
- 15. frequently the top layer of soil, a zone of organic material and minerals that have been mixed together(top soil)
- 19. physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem
- 20. proportion of soil bases to soil acid, expressed as a percentage
- 22. concentrated accumulation of minerals from which economically valuable materials can be extracted