Across
- 2. Convection a recurring current in the mantle that occurs when hotter, less dense material rises, cools, and then sinks again. This current is believed to be one of the driving forces behind tectonic plate movement.
- 3. A deep underwater valley that is formed when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and is forced to slide beneath it
- 5. A partly molten layer in Earth's upper mantle just below the lithosphere
- 8. Earth's outermost layer formed by lighter materials, such as silicon and oxygen, floating to the top during Earth's early cooling period
- 9. An opening in Earth's surface that. when active, spews out gases, chunks of rock, and melted rock
- 10. The study of the magnetic properties of ancient rocks
- 12. A record of ground motion
- 13. A sudden, ground-shaking release of built-up energy at or under Earth's surface
- 14. The action of one tectonic plate pushing underneath another
- 15. Molten rock beneath Earth's surface
Down
- 1. The layer of Earth made up of the crust and uppermost mantle and ranging in thickness from 65 km to 100 km
- 4. Large breaks in rock layers
- 6. The extent of ancient glaciers; also the rock markings they left behind
- 7. In geology, the location inside Earth where an earthquake starts
- 11. The study of earthquakes and seismic waves