Across
- 2. right sided symptoms include distended neck veins and an accumulation of fluid in the __ tract leading to weight gain, distended abdomen (ascites), nausea and a loss of appetite.
- 3. factors associated with a poor prognosis in HF include low LVEF, decreased peak VO2, <300m in 6 min walk test, SVT or VT, high BNP, previous MI or a ____ ____ complex
- 8. the NYHA measures __________ status. the ACC/AHA classficiation system is a staging system intended to complement the NYHA _________ status system
- 9. PND (paroxysmal ____________ dyspnoea) occurs when patient lies down to go to sleep at night. sudden onset of difficulty breathing. left sided HF symptom.
- 12. another symptom of left sided HF is decreased ______ perfusion, leading to decreased urine production, activation of the RAAS > increased fluid retention.
- 14. in right sided heart failure, there is systemic congestion and insufficient blood flow to _____
- 15. stage B patients have _________ heart disease but no signs or symptoms of HF
- 16. what class are these patients (ACC/AHA classification system)? structural heart disease without signs or symptoms of HF
- 20. left sided HF symptoms caused by poor systemic perfusion include fatigue, drowziness and _______ ________.
- 23. signs and symptoms of ____ sided HF come from fluid build up in lungs and inadequate perfusion of tissues
- 24. the nyha functional classes are limited as they are __________, fluctuate frequently according to symptoms, and do not reflect changes in patients ventricular function.
- 26. orthopnea is caused by gravity, fluid build up while patient lies flat, to solve, ____ patient up with head elevated. left sided HF symptom.
- 27. which NYHA class of HF does this describe? marked limitation of physical activity. comfortable at rest but less than normal physical activity causes symptoms
- 29. what class are these patients (ACC/AHA classification system)? patients who are high risk for HF, but have no structural heart disease or symptoms of HF
- 31. which NYHA class of HF does this describe? slight limitation of physical activity. comfortable at rest, but fatigue, palpitation or dyspnoea during ordinary activity
- 32. pulmonary oedema is a medical emergency and is due to excessive fluid build up in tissue and ___ spaces in lungs. can cause difficulty breathing, anxiety and 'drowning' feeling
Down
- 1. when a patient has both left and right sided HF, their symptoms may be a combination of both. makes it more _________ to determine diagnosis and treatment
- 4. __________ are often prescribed for left heart failure to eliminate excess fluid (caused by activation of the RAAS) and reduce strain on heart.
- 5. __________ with diet, medications etc is the most common cause of HF to switch from compensated to decompensated.
- 6. sufficient cardiac output is maintained, asymptomatic, or only symptoms during exercise, treatment is to control disease progression. this all describes ___________ heart failure
- 7. dizziness or _________ often results from atrial or ventricular arrythmias. these can be due to ectopics caused by stretching of the heart wall in HF
- 10. decompensation of HF often requires _____________ to treat and alleviate symptoms.
- 11. insufficient CO, systemic congestion, pulmonary congestion and inadequate perfesion of vital organs, symptoms including dyspnoea, fatigue, oedema, chest pain. these all describe __________ heart failure
- 13. what class are these patients (ACC/AHA classification system)? refractory HF who have failed medications, require specialised interventions and hospitalised frequently. marked symptoms at rest despite maximum medical therapy.
- 17. as heart cells stretch in HF, they produce more ___, ___ can therefore be an indicator for if HF treatment is working
- 18. difficulty breathing while lying flat
- 19. frequent need to urinate at night, caused by redistribution of fluid to kidneys while lying down. left sided HF symptom.
- 21. comorbid conditions may be present in HF including CAD, which can lead to angina. or VT, ___, or AF (caused by stretching of the heart wall) which can lead to palpitations, dizziness and syncope
- 22. stage A patients are _____ _____ of HF, without signs or symptoms, without structural heart disease.
- 25. which NYHA class of HF does this describe? unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. symptoms at rest.
- 27. left sided hf cause symptoms associated with fluid in lungs such as _____ or dyspnoea
- 28. what class are these patients (ACC/AHA classification system)? known structural heart disease, with prior or current HF symptoms
- 30. which NYHA class of HF does this describe? no limitation of physical activity, no symptoms due to physical activity