CRT150 Heart Failure Progression

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Across
  1. 3. a reduced blood __________ of the kidneys causes a release of renin
  2. 5. over time, the increase in preload and afterload caused by vasocontriction leads to an increased workload for the heart, and diminished __________ ___________
  3. 6. vasoconstriction of the arteries increases ___________
  4. 8. converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  5. 12. the types of compensatory response to HF progression are cardiovascular, ventricular remodelling and ___________
  6. 13. angiotensin II, as well as causing vasocontriction, also stimulates the ___________ pathway
  7. 14. __________ of the heart causes eccentric hypertrophy
  8. 17. the SNS is activated in a person with impending HF by - drop in cardiac output, drop in blood _______, arterial underfilling
  9. 18. converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
  10. 19. neurohormonal compensation in the form of sympathetic nervous stimulation (vasoconstriction and contractility) and RAAS (retention of fluid) are only effective in the ____ term
  11. 20. due to high heart rate, there is reduced ________ time during diastole, and therefore less oxygen makes it to the heart muscle (despite there being an increased demand) > further ischemia, arrythmias, congestion
Down
  1. 1. dilation of the LV due to increased preload and afterload (eccentric hypertrophy) > decreased ___________ > decreased ejection fraction (systolic dysfunction)
  2. 2. decompensation is a vicious _________ as impaired ventricular performance leads to reduced CO and BP > neurohormonal response > increase in afterload and preload > ventricular remodelling > impaired performace
  3. 4. with concentric hypertrophy, the heart wall thickens. therefore it cannot _____ and fill during diastole
  4. 7. _____________ __ increases afterload by stimulating the contriction of blood vessels. it occurs when angiotensin I is converted via ACE
  5. 9. thickening of the heart causes _________ hypertrophy
  6. 10. after cardiac injury, a compensatory mechanism is to deliver more blood _________ and pressure to LV -> increased stretch -> frank starling law -> increased contractility and CO -> no symptoms of HF yet
  7. 11. aldosterone increases preload by increasing the retention of water and _______
  8. 15. due to prolonged stimulation of the SNS (increased HR and contractility) the heart has increased ____________ demands.
  9. 16. vasocontriction of the veins increases ________