Across
- 2. ___ Rock: Rock formed over millions of years as layers of fragments or plant and animal remains build up and harden.
- 3. The process where water vapor in the atmosphere cools to form water droplets and clouds.
- 4. The gradual process of breaking rock apart by water, wind, or other agents.
- 7. Relating to earthquakes or other vibrations of the earth and its crust.
- 10. The process where minerals in water act like glue to bind pieces of sediment together.
- 12. A long, narrow, deep depression on the ocean floor that creates the Earth's deepest points.
- 13. ___ of Plate Tectonics: The scientific theory that explains how the movement of Earth's plates shapes the planet's surface.
- 15. A type of mechanical weathering where particles carried by wind or water scrape away rock surfaces.
- 16. ___ Weathering: A process where physical forces, such as ice wedging or abrasion, break down rocks without changing their chemistry.
- 19. ___ Plate Boundary: A boundary where tectonic plates move away from each other.
- 20. A movement within a fluid where hotter, less dense material rises and colder, denser material sinks.
- 21. A crack in the Earth's crust, such as the San Andreas Fault, resulting from plates sliding past each other.
- 24. An ancient supercontinent where all of Earth's current continents were once connected.
- 26. When water droplets in clouds become heavy and fall back to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
- 27. A type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools slowly below Earth's surface, creating large crystals.
- 28. Plate ___: A place where tectonic plates meet, often associated with earthquakes and volcanoes.
- 30. Solid material, such as rocks and minerals or plant remains, that is moved and deposited elsewhere.
- 33. ___ plain: A relatively flat area that makes up most of the ocean floor.
- 35. The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
- 37. Mid-ocean ___: A long, seismically active submarine mountain system situated in the middle of an ocean basin.
- 38. Molten rock that has reached the Earth's surface.
- 41. ___ Rock: Rock formed from pre-existing rocks that have been changed by extreme heat and pressure.
- 42. The process where buried sediment is squeezed together by the pressure of overlying layers.
- 43. Relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.
- 44. A large body of salt water that covers the majority of the Earth's surface.
- 45. ___ Plate Boundary: A boundary where sections of Earth’s crust come together and collide.
Down
- 1. The upper layer of the earth's mantle, located below the lithosphere and made of magma where convection occurs.
- 2. The process where an older, denser tectonic plate is forced deep into the planet underneath a younger, less-dense plate.
- 5. The removal and transportation of weathered material like rock or soil by water, ice, or wind.
- 6. The layers of gases surrounding a planet.
- 8. The force that drives both erosion and deposition.
- 9. Horizontal layers of sedimentary rock.
- 11. A flat, low-lying plain that sometimes forms at the mouth of a river from deposits of sediment.
- 14. The alignment of minerals into wavy layers within metamorphic rock caused by directional pressure.
- 17. A type of igneous rock that forms when lava cools quickly on the Earth's surface, creating fine grains.
- 18. The process where water, wind, or gravity drops sediment in a new location.
- 20. ___ Weathering: A process where rocks are broken down by chemical reactions, such as oxidation.
- 21. The remains of plants and animals found on continents separated by oceans, often preserved in sedimentary rock.
- 22. ___ Plate Boundary: A boundary where two plates slide past each other horizontally.
- 23. ___ Rock: Rock formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies.
- 24. One of several massive pieces of the lithosphere that fit together like puzzle pieces and are constantly moving.
- 25. The process where surface water turns into vapor and rises into the atmosphere, mostly caused by heat from the sun.
- 29. Volcanic ___: A curved chain of volcanoes that often develops near convergent plate boundaries.
- 31. The process where plants release water vapor from their leaves into the atmosphere.
- 32. A flat, smooth area of land located at a low elevation.
- 34. Molten rock found deep below the Earth's surface.
- 36. A location in the Earth's mantle that can cause volcanoes to form away from the edges of plates
- 39. ___ Cycle: The continuous process of moving water between the oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things.
- 40. One of the seven main large land masses on Earth.
- 41. A large natural elevation of the earth's surface that rises abruptly from the surrounding level.