Dark Ages

3. The capital city of the Byzantine Empire, located between Europe and Asia and important for trade.
4. The period in world history from about 500–1500 CE, following the fall of the Roman Empire.
6. A system of government with trained officials who manage laws, taxes, and public services.
8. Paths used by merchants to transport goods between regions.
9. A series of rulers from the same family.
10. A monotheistic religion based on belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.
12. A branch of Christianity that developed in the Byzantine Empire, separate from the Roman Catholic Church.
13. The sharing of ideas, beliefs, technology, and customs between different societies.
14. Regions ruled by Muslim leaders and united by the religion of Islam and the Arabic language.
15. A political and social system in which land was exchanged for loyalty, protection, and service.

1. The eastern continuation of the Roman Empire, known for its strong government, trade, and culture.
2. The region of Europe that included kingdoms such as France, England, and Spain during the Middle Ages.
5. A large territory made up of many regions or peoples ruled by a single government or leader.
7. Trade routes that crossed the Sahara Desert, connecting Africa with the Islamic world and Europe.
11. A network of trade routes linking Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, used to trade goods and ideas.