Across
- 3. sedimentary rock made of large, rounded fragments
- 7. to estimate beyond known data
- 10. Earth’s rigid outer zone made of plates
- 11. process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
- 12. ____ volcano forms at a subduction zone
- 13. innermost layer of the Earth
- 15. the process that alters rock due to heat or pressure
- 16. thin outer layer of the Earth
- 18. data described in words or observations
- 20. belief system wrongly seen as scientific
- 23. instrument that detects ground vibrations
- 24. observable event or fact
- 31. data expressed as numbers
- 33. data collected by someone else is ____ hand data
- 35. data that you have collected is _____ hand data
- 36. _____ rock forms when sediments are pressed together
- 37. using testing and experiments to find facts
- 38. data that can take any value in a range
- 41. ____ wave travels through the Earth during an earthquake
- 42. rule or set of steps for solving a problem
- 43. ____ boundary occurs where plates move apart
- 48. dropping of sediment in a new place
- 50. order of rock layers
- 52. characteristic of a substance that affects its behavior or appearance
- 55. reaction that absorbs heat energy
- 56. representation of a scientific concept
- 61. valley formed as land is pulled apart is a ____ valley
- 62. the point on Earth’s surface above the focus
- 63. ____ tectonics is a theory explaining the movement of continents
- 65. chemical process that rusts iron
- 67. claim not supported by evidence
- 68. ____ boundary occurs where plates collide
- 69. ____ data is a huge amount of information coming from many sources
- 70. approach relying on belief or tradition
- 73. substance formed in a chemical reaction
- 74. change that can be changed back
- 75. model placing the Sun at the centre
- 77. molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
Down
- 1. applying an inference to a real situation
- 2. opening in Earth’s crust where lava erupts
- 4. substance that undergoes a chemical change
- 5. Earth’s long record of change is its ____ history
- 6. model placing Earth at the universe’s centre
- 8. ____ change alters appearance but forms no new substance
- 9. approximate age of a rock compared to another is its ____ age
- 14. testable explanation or prediction
- 17. law of ____ says older rocks lie below younger ones
- 19. ____ rock forms from solidified magma or lava
- 21. chemical process also called burning
- 22. information collected directly from an investigation is ____ data
- 25. layer between Earth’s crust and core
- 26. part of the mantle that can slowly flow
- 27. information gathered through observation or measurement
- 28. mid-ocean ____ is a chain of underwater mountains
- 29. ____ of mass is a law that states that matter cannot be created or destroyed
- 30. ____ plate is a large section of the Earth’s lithosphere
- 32. word ____ uses words to show reactants and products
- 34. the underground point where an earthquake begins
- 35. a crack or break in rock along which movement occurs
- 39. study of data to make inferences
- 40. data that can take only fixed values
- 44. small particles of rock like sand or clay
- 45. ____ drift is a theory explaining how landmasses move
- 46. complete count of everything
- 47. ____ rock is changed by heat or pressure
- 49. ____ earthquake occurs away from plate boundaries
- 51. location of magma upwelling, often intraplate
- 53. chemical ____ occurs when one or more substances form new products
- 54. mass divided by volume
- 57. ____ change produces a new substance
- 58. when one tectonic plate slides under another
- 59. general direction in which data moves
- 60. combining multiple fields of study
- 64. reaction that releases heat energy
- 66. ____ boundary occurs where plates slide past each other
- 71. conclusion based on evidence
- 72. moving of sediment from one place to another
- 76. molten rock that has reached the surface