Across
- 4. northern Republicans who contested Lincoln’s treatment of Confederate states and proposed harsher punishments
- 6. Which event made people want to start traveling West?
- 7. The first country that actually tried to build a canal.
- 8. a crop-lien system in which people paid rent on land they farmed (but did not own) with the crops they grew
- 12. of 1914- Russia, Britain, and France make alliance with each other to not sign for peace separately
- 14. Where did the Goodnight-Loving trail end?
- 20. the Spanish name for White Caps, the rebel group of Hispanic Americans who fought back against the appropriation of Hispanic land by White people; for a period in 1889–1890, they burned farms, homes, and crops to express their growing anger at the injustice of the situation
- 23. were also used for the first time.
- 24. of 1882- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made an alliance against Russia again.
- 26. laws some southern states designed to maintain White supremacy by keeping freed people impoverished and in debt
- 27. Who was responsible for eliminating typhoid and malaria?
- 28. the phrase, coined by journalist John O’Sullivan, which came to stand for the idea that White Americans had a calling and a duty to seize and settle the American West with Protestant democratic values
- 30. The Military is a strong force within the government
- 32. fraternal groups loyal to the Union and the Republican Party that became political and civic centers for Black people in former Confederate states
- 33. What percentage of the 100,000 people that went to Colorado was not successful?
- 35. was a largely naval battle in WW1
- 36. of 1877 the agreement between Republicans and Democrats, after the contested election of 1876, in which Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for withdrawing the last of the federal troops from the South
- 37. Which cattle trail was the furthest west and east?
- 43. Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan, which required only 10 percent of the 1860 voters in Confederate states to take an oath of allegiance to the Union
- 44. a White vigilante organization that engaged in terroristic violence with the aim of stopping Reconstruction
- 45. Strong support of one's country
- 46. a loan system in which store owners extended credit to farmers for the purchase of goods in exchange for a portion of their future crops
- 47. What did the U.S. send to keep Columbia from fighting the Panamanians?
- 49. Fights between two planes in the sky known as
- 50. an oath that the Wade-Davis Bill required a majority of voters and government officials in Confederate states to take; it involved swearing that they had never supported the Confederacy
- 51. the policy aimed at assimilating Native Americans into a middle class, Protestant version of the American way of life through boarding schools for Native American children and land allotment for Native American households
Down
- 1. the period between 1848 and 1849 when prospectors found large strikes of gold in California, leading others to rush in and follow suit; this period led to a cycle of boom and bust through the area, as gold was discovered, mined, and stripped
- 2. a term used to describe African Americans who moved to Kansas from the Old South to escape the racism there
- 3. was called 'Little Willie’ and needed a crew of 3.
- 5. Which animals were purposely killed to harm the Plains Indians?
- 6. were used for the first time in the First World War at the Battle of the Somme.
- 9. a term used for southern White people committed to rolling back the gains of Reconstruction
- 10. Which brand of cattle was immune to Texas fever?
- 11. a militia raid led by Colonel Chivington on a Cheyenne and Arapaho peoples camp in Colorado, flying both the American flag and the white flag of surrender; over one hundred men, women, and children were killed
- 13. a pejorative term used for southern White people who supported Reconstruction
- 15. the first significant silver find in the country, discovered by Henry T. P. Comstock in 1859 in Nevada
- 16. an attempt to disarm a group of Lakota people near Wounded Knee, South Dakota, which resulted in members of the Seventh Cavalry of the U.S. Army opening fire and killing over 150 Lakota
- 17. large farms owned by speculators who hired laborers to work the land; these large farms allowed their owners to benefit from economies of scale and prosper, but they did nothing to help small family farms, which continued to struggle
- 18. the twelve-year period after the Civil War in which the rebel Southern states were integrated back into the Union
- 19. also known as blimp, was an airship that was used during the early part of the war in bombing raids by the Germans.
- 21. the taking of lands from another country
- 22. President Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister Lloyd George of Great Britain, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France and Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy -
- 25. An agreement between to countries
- 26. When did cattle ranching halt?
- 29. the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, which was created in 1865 to ease Black peoples’ transition from slavery to freedom
- 31. a term used for northerners working in the South during Reconstruction; it implied that these were opportunists who came south for economic or political gain
- 34. a frontier home constructed of dirt held together by thick-rooted prairie grass that was prevalent in the Midwest; sod, cut into large rectangles, was stacked to make the walls of the structure, providing an inexpensive, yet damp, house for western settlers
- 38. Who was the first to brand cattle?
- 39. this armed conflict between cowboys moving cattle along the trail and ranchers who wished to keep the best grazing lands for themselves occurred in Clay County, Texas, between 1883 and 1884
- 40. was the first battle to use tanks.
- 41. of 1879- Germany and Austria-Hungary make an alliance to help each other out should Russia Attack.
- 42. was the first battle to use gas
- 48. Which country owned the area known as Panama?