DEFORESTATION

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Across
  1. 4. a hinged metal hook at the end of a long handle, used for gripping and rolling logs.
  2. 5. are vital tools in forestry and logging work. There are three basic methods for delimbing a tree gate, pull-through and flail. All three are landing-based, and relatively low-cost, and most suitable for situations where the quality of the remaining wood is not an issue.
  3. 6. a mechanical power-driven cutting tool with teeth set on a chain which moves around the edge of a blade.
  4. 7. A yarder uses a system of cables to pull or fly logs to a landing. Yarders consist of an engine, drums and spar, but have a variety of ranges and configurations, such as a swing yarder, so called because of its swing boom. Other yarders rely on a fixed boom.
  5. 12. is a machine used for reducing, or chipping, wood into smaller wood chips.
  6. 15. a woody perennial plant, typically having a single stem or trunk growing to a considerable height and bearing lateral branches at some distance from the ground.
  7. 16. are self propelled machines with a single cutting head. Capable of gripping more than a single stem at once, the cutting heads function only as a cutting, holding and ground placement device. They do not have processing capabilities.
  8. 17. move large felled logs from the stump to a roadside landing. It differs from a skidder by lifting logs at least two feet above the ground, which reduces soil impact. Forwarders usually work with machines in logging operations that require cut-to-length results.
  9. 18. is a piece of machinery or equipment used for splitting firewood from softwood or hardwood logs that have been pre-cut into sections (rounds), usually by chainsaw or on a saw bench.
  10. 19. are a piece of equipment that is very useful for transporting large trees from one place to another.
  11. 20. are self propelled cutting machines. They are able to both fell and process stems. Wheeled or tracked, they feature a cutting head that feels, delimbs, and bucks trees to specific lengths. Harvesters also have a front or rear cab for the operator, which is either fixed or rotating. Attached booms may be telescoping.
Down
  1. 1. a small axe with a short handle for use in one hand.
  2. 2. is a light axe used as a tool or weapon by North American Indians.
  3. 3. allow you to cut, split, transport, and sell your firewood faster than you thought was possible.
  4. 8. a tool typically used for chopping wood, usually a steel blade attached at a right angle to a wooden handle.
  5. 9. remove tree stumps by means of a rotating cutting disk. Stump grinders vary greatly in size, and can be as small as a lawn mower or as large as a truck. Most accomplish their task by means of a high-speed disk with teeth that grinds the stump and roots into small chips.
  6. 10. can be used as road builders, shovel loggers, harvester/processors, stroke delimbers, or log loaders.
  7. 11. are swing machines that are designed for handling logs.
  8. 13. for use in forestry and logging operations are a slightly different breed than those that typically serve home landscaping operations. Outfitted with either a fixed tooth rotor system or a swinging hammer, forestry mulcher size and power is tied to the horsepower capabilities of the tractor or vehicle to which it will be attached. Tree size mulching ability is generally larger in this type of mulcher, with the average circumference of the trunk being roughly 40 centimeters or 16 inches in diameter.
  9. 14. A big hook used for carrying big logs.