Across
- 4. Patient X recently moved to teach at ABC Primary School in the United States, headed by a principal named Ms Brain. Shortly before starting their new job, Patient X sustained a head injury, after which, Patient X claimed that that there was also an ABC Primary School back in England where they had previously lived, and that the school was also headed by a principal named Ms Brain. Even after providing evidence that no ABC Primary School existed in England, Patient X argued that there was and held onto this belief.
- 6. Patient X maintains the belief that they are a clone of their real self.
- 10. When looking into the mirror, Patient X does not recognise that the person in the mirror is themself. When attempting to talk to the person in the mirror, Patient X was confused when this person did not speak back. Testing by a neuropsychologist indicated that left-hemispheric functions were intact (e.g., language, verbal memory), but right-hemispheric functions were impaired (e.g., copying, drawing, visual memory). More extensive testing revealed that Patient X showed covert behavioural evidence that it was actually their reflection in the mirror, despite the belief that their reflection was a different person.
- 11. Patient X believes that their spouse has been replaced by an imposter. Whilst Patient X can recognise and identify familiar vs unfamiliar faces, physiological tests indicate that Patient X shows abnormal autonomic responses to familiar faces. Normally, people show increased skin conductance to familiar faces compared to unfamiliar faces; however, Patient X does not show this pattern of increased responding to familiar faces.
- 13. After suffering trauma to the right side of the head, Patient X firmly believes that the arm and hand on the left side of their body is not theirs. Patient X was tested for, but not diagnosed with, unilateral spatial neglect; however, Patient X’s left arm and hand were paralysed.
- 14. Patient X had stayed in hospital for 2 weeks after a stroke which affected the right parietal lobe of their brain. After being released from hospital and going home, Patient X claimed that the hospital had taken over their house (despite their house being intact and the same as it had been prior to their stroke).
Down
- 1. Patient X believes that they have changed/transformed into their mother. When a neuropsychologist asked what they saw when standing in front of a mirror, Patient X described seeing their mother and described their mother’s physical characteristics. Additional testing indicated that Patient X’s cognitive functions were intact.
- 2. Patient X was admitted to the Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) in Queensland but claims that they are in a different branch of the GCUH in Western Australia. Additional testing indicated that Patient X sustained injury to the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere of the brain and cognitive tests indicated that Patient X showed impairments on some cognitive tests.
- 3. Patient X believes that their spouse is constantly following them, all day, every day (which is not actually the case as spouse is at work full-time). Upon examination, physiological tests indicate that Patient X shows hyperactivity of autonomic responses (i.e., strong skin conductance responses) to all faces, regardless of if these faces are actually known to them.
- 5. - Following a stroke affecting the right hemisphere of their brain, Patient X reported that their spouse was a patient in the same hospital that they were staying at, despite their spouse being deceased for 5 years. When hospital staff explained that their spouse had passed away some time ago, Patient X acknowledged that their spouse had passed away, but in same conversation, reported that their spouse was also a patient in the hospital. During a check-up 2 years later, Patient X still insisted that their spouse was alive.
- 7. Patient X believes that they are not in control of some of their actions and is adamant that someone or something else is controlling them. After a series of tests, a neuropsychologist hypothesises that Patient X demonstrates impaired self-monitoring, i.e., sensory feedback is not in line with their movements.
- 8. Following a non-fatal car accident, Patient X finds themself in the hospital having suffered some minor injuries and trauma to the right side of their head. Whilst Patient X makes a full physical recovery, Patient X now believes that they are dead (despite actually being alive). Physiological tests indicate hypoactivity of autonomic responses (underactivity of skin conductance responses) to all stimuli (not just faces).
- 9. Patient X was referred to the hospital as they had reported abnormal perceptions of faces. Patient X described faces as being distorted, such that, noses were sideways and mouths were tilted. Testing revealed that Patient X maintained some capacity to recognise familiar faces.
- 12. Patient X is an artist. In an interview, Patient X stated that their artwork is guided by their sense of taste as they are able to taste different colours. For example, the colour purple evokes a sweet taste, whereas the colour green tastes sour.