Development and Human Welfare - terms & definitions

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Across
  1. 2. The most economically / politically dominant area in a country or region is referred to as the ‘core’. Periphery areas are more isolated, have fewer businesses and well paid jobs and are less politically influential.
  2. 5. A way of dividing the world up into the richer ‘North’ (HICs) and poorer ‘South’ (LICs and MICs); it can be thought of as the worlds’ ‘haves’ and ‘have nots’.
  3. 7. The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.
  4. 8. The general condition of a population in terms of diet, housing, healthcare, education, etc.
  5. 9. Whether people in a country have the right to vote in fair elections and speak freely. It is often seem as an important part of development.
  6. 10. When producers in LICs are given a better price for the goods they produce. Often this is form farm products like cocoa, coffee or cotton. The better price improves income and reduces exploitation.
  7. 13. These are countries which have developed rapidly over the last 20‐30 years are moved from being LICs to MICs. The term is very similar to ‘emerging economy’.
  8. 16. Countries which are developing and industrializing rapidly. They are MICs which are seeing their per capita GNI grow rapidly. Examples include Brazil, India, China, Mexico and Malaysia.
  9. 18. When HICs, and banks in HICs, write‐off some LIC country debt so the LIC has to pay less back.
  10. 19. (GDP) The total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year. When expressed as per head of population (per capita), it provides a widely used measure of national prosperity and development.
  11. 22. Difficult to define, but it is often thought of as an umbrella term that takes into account a number of different development strands.
  12. 23. The difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries (between HICs and LICs).
  13. 24. The number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population.
  14. 25. The average number of years a person might be expected to live.
Down
  1. 1. Know‐how and equipment that are suited to the basic conditions prevailing in the receiving country.
  2. 3. The simple, easily learned and maintained technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs.
  3. 4. The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live births, per year.
  4. 6. When people lack the income needed to have a reasonable quality of life.
  5. 10. When trade between countries is not restricted by, for example, import duties or not being a member of a group of trading nations.
  6. 11. (HDI) Used as a measure of development in a country and for making international comparisons.
  7. 12. (GNI) GNI is very similar to GDP, but GNI takes into account that some countries are in debt and pay money in debt interest. This reduces GNI relative to GDP.
  8. 14. The general level of prosperity enjoyed by a population.
  9. 15. The 4 countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China. All are emerging economies.
  10. 17. The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population.
  11. 20. The ability to read and write. In HICs literacy rates are often around 99% of the adult population, but in LICs they are much lower.
  12. 21. Any difference between one group of people, or region, and another.