Across
- 5. Aid given directly from one government to another
- 7. A firm that owns production units in more than one country. Mainly parent company in North America, Japan and Europe
- 10. Areas such as good roads, railways, gas, electricity, water, schools, hospitals and housing need to be in place for development to occur
- 12. A deliberate effort to replace major consumer imports by promoting the emergence and expansion of domestic industries such as textiles, shoes and household appliances.
- 14. Loans that are given at an interest rate that is below market rates, or where repayments are delayed to after a certain date
- 15. A system protecting people’s property rights needs to be in place to enable security to investors and also landowners
- 17. Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development.
- 18. The practice of giving small loans to individuals who otherwise would be excluded from the finance sector, and would have to resort to loan sharks. Usually based on a group responsibility, predominantly women
- 20. Foreign aid in the form of bilateral loans or grants that require the recipient country to use the funds to purchase goods and services from the donor country
Down
- 1. Encourages free trade in goods and the free movement of capital and labor.
- 2. A transfer of funds to a foreign country by a local citizen or business.
- 3. Aid given through a multilateral agency like the World Bank, Regional Development Bank and UN agencies.
- 4. The need to protect newly formed industries until they can compete on the international market. Tariffs can be removed once they are large enough and efficient enough.
- 6. are centered on three areas - Increased use of market mechanism, Devaluation of exchange rate and, Deflation of the economy
- 8. An autonomous financial institution that originated in the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944.
- 9. An outright transfer payment , usually from one country to another (Foreign aid); a gift of money or technical assistance that does not have to be repaid.
- 11. two distinct economies i. CBD usually modern and somewhat similar to MDC’s and ii. slums (RIO, Bombay and Manila) which often have informal markets
- 13. A non government agency examples Oxfam, Care, Red Cross. NGO’s are often considered better at dealing with poor people in villages and slums.
- 15. The connection between low incomes, low savings, low investment and so on and the idea that poverty perpetuates itself from one generation to the next
- 16. Overseas investment by multinational corporations
- 19. Net disbursements of loans or grants made on concessional terms by official agencies of member countries of the OECD