Across
- 4. A living cell that supports the life cycle of a virus or parasite, providing the necessary machinery for replication and propagation.
- 7. Illnesses caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with pathogens, toxins, or chemicals, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms.
- 11. Acute viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, primarily caused by rhinoviruses, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion and cough.
- 14. Pertaining to bacteria, which are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms; some are pathogenic, causing diseases in humans and other organisms.
- 16. A protective reflex initiated by irritation in the airways, characterized by a forceful expulsion of air, which can disseminate infectious agents.
- 17. Pharmacological agents that inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections.
- 19. Acellular infectious agents composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, requiring a host cell for replication.
- 20. The transmission of infectious agents through contaminated surfaces or objects, rather than through direct physical interaction with an infected individual.
- 21. A physiological reflex triggered by irritation of the nasal mucosa, resulting in the expulsion of air and respiratory droplets that may contain pathogens.
Down
- 1. A gastrointestinal disturbance that can result from the ingestion of contaminated food or water, potentially leading to infections or gastrointestinal diseases.
- 2. A public health practice involving the isolation of individuals who may have been exposed to infectious diseases to prevent further transmission.
- 3. Diseases transmitted through contaminated water sources, often resulting from pathogens present in faecal matter or other pollutants.
- 5. A pathological condition characterized by a disruption of normal bodily functions, often resulting from infection, genetic factors, or environmental influences.
- 6. The transfer of biological fluids, such as blood, saliva, or other secretions, which may contain pathogens capable of causing infections.
- 8. The transmission of pathogens through physical interaction, such as touching or sexual contact, with an infected individual or contaminated surface.
- 9. The invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms within a host, resulting in tissue damage and eliciting an immune response.
- 10. A biological preparation that stimulates the immune system to recognize and combat specific pathogens, providing immunity against infectious diseases.
- 12. Any microorganism, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, that can cause disease in a host organism.
- 13. Eukaryotic organisms that obtain nutrients through absorption, often forming multicellular structures and playing roles in decomposition and symbiosis.
- 15. Pathogens that are transmitted through the air, typically via respiratory droplets or aerosols, allowing for widespread dissemination.
- 18. Living organisms, typically arthropods, that facilitate the transmission of pathogens between hosts, often enhancing disease spread.