Disorders in Immunity

2. A seasonal or chronic allergic reaction to inhaled plant pollen, molds, or airborne allergens that targets respiratory mucous membranes, causing nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy eyes.
7. A T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction that develops one to several days after antigen contact, including contact dermatitis and graft rejection.
8. An underreactive immune response where the immune system is incompletely developed, suppressed, or destroyed.
10. A chronic localized allergic reaction such as hay fever or asthma.
11. An antigen that induces an allergic response in sensitive individuals, with proteins being more allergenic than other biomolecules.
12. A Type III hypersensitivity autoimmune disease characterized by a butterfly-shaped rash and autoantibodies against organs, tissues, or intracellular materials.
13. An overreactive immune response involving allergy and autoimmunity where immune components attack one’s own tissues, failing to distinguish them from foreign material.
14. An immune deficiency often due to inherited abnormalities where lymphocytes are absent, present at low levels, or do not function normally.
15. Clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lungs, often heard in asthma patients.
17. An acquired immune deficiency caused by infection, malnutrition, chemotherapy, or radiation, with AIDS being the most recognized infection—induced form.

1. A reaction involving IgG and IgM antibodies plus complement that act upon cells causing lysis, including blood group incompatibility, and some autoimmune diseases.
3. The theory that immune systems need to be trained by interaction with microbes during development, and that overly hygienic environments in industrialized societies may lead to increased allergies.
4. A Type III hypersensitivity disorder where antibody-streptococcal antigen complexes settle into the kidney, leading to complement activation, neutrophil infiltration, and kidney damage.
5. A primary immunodeficiency involving dysfunction in both B and T lymphocyte systems, causing severe infections from birth and requiring isolation from pathogens.
6. An immediate, IgE-mediated allergic reaction involving mast cells, basophils, and allergic mediators, including anaphylaxis, hay fever, and asthma.
9. An immune complex-mediated reaction where circulating IgG complexes are deposited in basement membranes of target organs, causing inflammation and including diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
16. The most profuse and fast-acting allergic mediator released from mast cells that constricts bronchi, dilates blood vessels, and stimulates eosinophils to release inflammatory cytokines.