Across
- 2. laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size
- 4. deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material
- 5. an organism or cell whose genome has been altered by the introduction of one or more foreign DNA sequences from another species by artificial means
- 7. an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint
- 9. the study of ethical, social, and legal issues that arise in bio-medicine and biomedical research.
- 10. process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
- 12. utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products.
- 15. an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.
- 17. the process of changing the genetic makeup of a cell by introducing DNA from its surrounding environment.
- 18. the branch of molecular biology concerned with the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes.
- 19. analysis of DNA from samples of body tissue or fluids, especially when constructed in order to identify individuals
Down
- 1. process of producing individual organisms with identical or virtually identical DNA, either by natural (asexual reproduction) or artificial means.
- 3. DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms
- 6. any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
- 8. an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases
- 11. a small, extra-chromosomal DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
- 13. transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective ones in order to correct genetic disorders
- 14. technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude
- 16. a protein composed of 238 amino acids residues that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue ultraviolet range