Across
- 3. Sovereignty – Principle that the people of a territory should decide on issues like slavery.
- 5. Annexation – Incorporation of Texas into the United States, contributing to tensions with Mexico.
- 9. Act – Law allowing popular sovereignty to decide slavery in new territories, leading to violence (“Bleeding Kansas”).
- 11. Destiny – Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.
- 13. Doctrine – Policy declaring the Americas off-limits to European colonization.
- 16. Act – Law passed under John Adams that restricted speech critical of the government.
- 17. – Supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong central government.
- 18. Great Awakening – Religious revival movement that inspired social reforms like temperance and women’s rights.
- 20. Reconstruction – Stricter plan led by Radical Republicans to protect rights of freedmen.
- 24. Address – Lincoln’s speech emphasizing national unity and equality.
- 25. Brown’s Raid – Attempt by abolitionist John Brown to start a slave revolt by seizing a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
- 26. Proclamation – Executive order by Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate states.
- 29. Amendment – Guaranteed voting rights regardless of race.
- 30. Government – Principle that government power is restricted by law, usually through a constitution.
- 31. Bureau – Agency providing aid to former slaves and poor whites after the Civil War.
- 33. Crisis – Conflict between South Carolina and the federal government over tariffs and states’ rights.
- 35. of Rights – The first ten amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual liberties.
- 36. Ordinance of 1785 – A law that set up a system for surveying and dividing western lands into townships for sale and settlement.
- 37. – Loyalty to a region rather than the nation as a whole.
- 39. of Confederation – The first constitution of the United States, which created a weak central government and strong state governments.
- 41. Purchase – Land acquisition by Thomas Jefferson that doubled the size of the U.S.
- 43. of 1812 – Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over trade restrictions and impressment of sailors.
- 44. Rebellion – An armed uprising of farmers in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices and weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.
Down
- 1. Reconstruction – Lenient plan by Lincoln and Johnson to quickly restore Southern states to the Union.
- 2. Amendment – Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.
- 4. Democracy – Political movement toward greater democracy for the common man during Andrew Jackson’s presidency.
- 6. System – Economic plan by Henry Clay promoting tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.
- 7. Codes – Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of African Americans.
- 8. – Opponents of the Constitution who feared a strong central government and demanded a Bill of Rights.
- 9. Klux Klan – White supremacist group using violence to oppose Reconstruction and civil rights.
- 10. Suffrage – The extension of voting rights to more people, particularly non-property-owning white men.
- 11. War – Conflict between the U.S. and Mexico resulting in U.S. acquisition of southwestern territories.
- 12. Movement – Campaign to reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption.
- 14. Amendment – Abolished slavery.
- 15. of 1850 – Series of laws addressing slavery and territorial expansion, including the Fugitive Slave Act.
- 19. Ordinance of 1787 – Legislation that established a process for admitting new states from the Northwest Territory and banned slavery there.
- 21. Compromise – Agreement at the Constitutional Convention creating a bicameral legislature with representation by population in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
- 22. v. Sanford (Dred Scott Case) – Supreme Court decision ruling that African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.
- 23. of 1877 – Agreement ending Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South.
- 27. – An action or decision that serves as an example for future situations.
- 28. Compromise – Agreement allowing Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining balance in Congress.
- 32. – Movement to end slavery in the United States.
- 34. Federalist Papers – A series of essays written to promote ratification of the Constitution.
- 38. Compromise – Agreement that three-fifths of enslaved people would count toward a state’s population for representation and taxation.
- 40. Removal Act – Law that forced Native American tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River.
- 42. Corpus – Legal principle requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge.