Dr. Lapinsky - Pharmaceutical Science of Insulin

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Across
  1. 4. the mnemonic diabetics can remember concerning the correct order of adding a rapid- or short-acting insulin in a single syringe with NPH insulin
  2. 6. basal insulins mostly affect _______ blood glucose levels
  3. 8. all insulins have the same potency for facilitating glucose uptake into target cells, as well as the same binding affinity to the insulin receptor, which are examples of ____________ properties of insulin
  4. 12. the protein in NPH insulin that makes the product appear cloudy in the vial
  5. 13. the specific cells of the pancreas responsible for producing insulin
  6. 14. all pre-mixed insulins are named as the percentage of each component, with the ____________ insulin always listed first
  7. 15. the metabolic pathway that converts glucose in muscle cells into pyruvate along with a release of energy that muscle cells can use
  8. 16. the pharmacologically active form of insulin that binds to the insulin receptor and also readily undergoes systemic absorption
  9. 18. insulin inhibits this pathway, which is the metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates
  10. 19. an insulin analog preparation uniquely formulated pH = 4, which not only controls the pharmacokinetics of __________ but can also cause a stinging sensation to the patient upon injection
Down
  1. 1. rapid-acting insulins are also referred to as _______ insulins because they are designed to prevent insulin from aggregating into its natural storage form
  2. 2. the process of glucose transporter proteins from moving from inside the cell to embedding within a target cell's cell membrane
  3. 3. a rapid-acting insulin that is contraindicated in patients with asthma or COPD
  4. 5. for the most part, insulin products are designed to be administered by _________ injection
  5. 7. glucose is too polar of a molecule to undergo ______ into target cells
  6. 9. the pharmacokinetics of insulin detemir is principally controlled by binding to this protein in the bloodstream
  7. 10. this is insulin aspart formulated with niacinamide, which functions to promote faster absorption of insulin aspart into the bloodstream
  8. 11. an ultra-long-acting insulin that contains a hexadecanedioc acid that functions to promote the formation of insulin di- and multi-hexamers
  9. 15. insulin is a peptide hormone that signals the liver to convert glucose into ______, which serves as an energy storage form of glucose in humans
  10. 17. the insulin to which all other insulins are compared to concerning pharmacokinetics