Dynasties

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  1. 4. Educated civil servants who played a key role in the government during various Chinese dynasties. They were often selected through the civil service exams.
  2. 5. A Chinese political and religious doctrine used to justify the rule of the emperor. It suggests that the emperor has the divine right to rule as long as he governs justly and for the benefit of his people.
  3. 7. A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, used in ancient China for medicinal and later military purposes, leading to the invention of firearms.
  4. 11. A navigational instrument that uses the Earth's magnetic field to determine direction, crucial for navigation and exploration.
  5. 12. Exams: Examinations that individuals had to pass to become scholar-officials in imperial China, based on Confucian principles.
  6. 16. An ancient network of trade routes connecting the East and West, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas.
  7. 19. A Ming Dynasty emperor who sponsored maritime exploration, including Zheng He's voyages.
  8. 20. A type of ceramic material made from clay, used for making delicate and high-quality pottery.
  9. 21. A philosophy and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing social harmony and filial piety.
  10. 22. A form of printing in which an image or text is carved into a wooden block and then used for printing.
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  1. 1. A major religion that originated in India and spread to China, emphasizing the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
  2. 2. A Chinese explorer who led seven naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean during the Ming Dynasty.
  3. 3. A system in which individuals are selected for positions based on their abilities and achievements rather than social status or wealth.
  4. 6. The founder and leader of the Mongol Empire, which later ruled over China during the Yuan Dynasty.
  5. 8. The grandson of Genghis Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China.
  6. 9. The imperial palace complex in Beijing, China, built during the Ming Dynasty.
  7. 10. A printing technology in which individual characters are carved on separate pieces and can be rearranged for printing, credited to the invention of the printing press.
  8. 13. The first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, known for establishing a strong central authority.
  9. 14. An ancient Chinese philosophy and religion that advocates living in harmony with the Dao (the Way), emphasizing simplicity and nature.
  10. 15. An Italian explorer who traveled to China during the Yuan Dynasty and later wrote about his experiences in "The Travels of Marco Polo."
  11. 17. A vast artificial waterway connecting the Yellow River and Yangtze River, facilitating trade and transportation.
  12. 18. Wall: A massive defensive wall built along the northern border of China to protect against invasions by nomadic tribes.
  13. 19. Di: A ruler of the Sui Dynasty, known for the construction of the Grand Canal.