Across
- 2. the condition of equilibrium, comparable to floating, of units of the lithosphere above the asthenosphere
- 4. with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton
- 5. a geological landform that rises significantly above the surrounding land
- 6. a steep-sided, usually circular depression formed by either explosion or collapse at a volcanic vent
- 10. breakdown of rock due to physical or chamical change
- 13. the layer of gases (air), that surrounds a planet or moon
- 15. the study of earthquakes, and of the structure of the Earth by both natural and artificially generated seismic waves
- 16. a ridge-shaped fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope downward from the crest
- 19. the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch
- 20. rocks formed from years of sediment compacting together and becoming hard
- 23. pertaining to fragmented rock material formed by a volcanic explosion or ejection from a volcanic vent
- 25. the effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents
- 26. a crack or fracture in the earth's surface in which there has been movement of one or both sides relative to the other
- 28. is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity
- 31. a coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments (> 2 mm) within a matrix of finer grained material
- 34. the process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water
- 35. change in phase from a liquid to a gas
- 37. a period of time in Earth's history when large ice sheets covered the Polar regions of the Earth
- 38. the prediction that climate will warm as a result of the addition to the atmosphere of humanly produced greenhouse gases
- 39. a mudflow composed chiefly of pyroclastic material on the flanks of a volcano
- 42. is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels
- 43. a description of the physical features of an area of land
- 45. alignment of minerals in a metamorphic rock, producing a layered appearance
- 46. a steep-sided rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano and forming a dome-shaped or bulbous mass above and around the volcanic vent
- 47. the outermost layer of the Earth
- 48. the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake
- 49. a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust.
- 50. evidence in rock of the presence of past life, such as a dinosaur bone, an ancient clam shell, or the footprint of a long-extinct animal as well as life history artifacts.
Down
- 1. pertaining to igneous rocks or features formed by the emplacement of magma in pre-existing rocks
- 3. a trough or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope upward from the axis
- 7. the formation, advance and retreat of glaciers and the results of these activities
- 8. either the northern or southern half of the Earth as divided by the equator, or the eastern or western half as divided by a meridian
- 9. flat and low landform located near the mouth of a river
- 11. outward movement of winds from a high-pressure zone
- 12. molten rock under the Earth's surface
- 14. the direct change from the solid to the vapor phase
- 17. the solid layer of rock under the loose surface (soil, clay, gravel, sand) of the Earth
- 18. are pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere.
- 21. weathering processes that are the result of chemical reactions
- 22. the sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate
- 24. a volcano that is composed of alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material, along with abundant dikes and sills. Viscous, intermediate lava may flow from a central vent
- 27. glacial deposits laid down directly by glaciers or laid down in lakes, ocean, or streams as result of glacial activity
- 29. it is a volcanic feature formed by the collapse of a volcano into itself, making it a large, special form of volcanic crater.
- 30. a large wave produced from an earthquake underwater
- 32. is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate together
- 33. the gaseous state of water
- 36. a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action
- 40. the removal of sediments by wind/running water/gravity/ice
- 41. the loose upper layer of the Earth's surface where plants grow
- 44. it is a colloid of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.