Across
- 3. The rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the upper part of the mantle. It is involved in tectonic activity and mineral resources.
- 4. The frozen water part of the Earth system, including ice caps, glaciers, and sea ice. It influences global climate and sea levels.
- 6. Cycle The continuous movement of water within the hydrosphere, including processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration.
- 9. Systems The long-term patterns and variations in temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure that characterize different regions of the Earth.
- 11. The outermost layer of the Earth where soil and rock interact. It deals with soil formation, erosion, and nutrient cycling.
- 12. A semi-fluid layer beneath the lithosphere, which allows for the movement of tectonic plates.
- 15. Cycle The movement of carbon through the Earth's biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It includes processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition.
- 16. Cycle The process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms, including atmospheric nitrogen, nitrates, and ammonium. This cycle is crucial for soil fertility and plant growth.
- 17. Cycle The series of processes that describe the transformation of rock types through geological processes, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
- 19. Cycle The movement of sulfur through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It affects acid rain and soil chemistry.
Down
- 1. The layer of gases surrounding the Earth. It includes processes related to weather, climate, and air quality.
- 2. All living organisms and their interactions with the other subsystems. It involves ecosystems, biomes, and the cycle of nutrients.
- 5. Currents The large-scale movement of water within the Earth’s oceans, driven by factors such as wind, temperature differences, and salinity variations.
- 7. The solid part of the Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core. It involves processes like tectonics, volcanism, and erosion.Hydrosphere: All the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, and groundwater. It involves processes such as the water cycle and ocean currents.
- 8. Activity The processes and phenomena related to the eruption of magma from the Earth's interior to the surface, influencing both the geosphere and atmosphere.
- 10. Plates Large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact at their boundaries, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and mountain-building.
- 13. Formation The process through which rocks are broken down into soil through weathering, biological activity, and the accumulation of organic material.
- 14. Biological communities of interacting organisms and their physical environment, which play a crucial role in the biosphere.
- 18. Cycle The movement of oxygen through the Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. It is essential for respiration and photosynthesis.