earth systems

2. an opening in the Earth's crust through which molten rock is pushed out and creates a new rock
4. new oceanic crust is formed as tectonic plates pull apart and magma rises
9. located between the mantle and the outer core
11. extinction events that occur over a longer period of time
13. includes the crust and upper part of the mantle, and is divided into tectonic plates
15. rock formed when lava or magma cools and hardens
17. deep, elongated depressions in the ocean, often associated with subductions
18. where tectonic plates SLIDE past each other. causes earth quakes
19. large, rigid pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact with each other along plate bounderies
20. the semi-fluid layer of the mantle where convection currents happen
21. a group of the same species living in the same area

1. tectonic plates move towards each other usually forms mountains and volcanoes
3. hot materials rises, cooler materials sink. it drives plate tectonics
5. fractures or zones of weakness in the Earth's crust
6. sudden events that led to a mass extinction
7. formed at plate boundaries usually when plates collide
8. instruments used to measure and record seismic waves
10. name of the ancient supercontinent when it was all one landmass
12. forms after weathering and erosion when sediments compact and cement
14. tectonic plates move away from each other, usually forms new crust and rift valleys
16. formed as a result of high temperature or pressure deep within earth changing a rock that already existed