Earth's Structure and Cycles

5. a group of connected interacting parts.
6. a layer of gases that surrounds a planet.
10. all of Earth's water, including its oceans, surface bodies of freshwater, and groundwater, as well as clouds and water vapor in the atmosphere.
12. the model describing the events and processes by which carbon atoms move through the Earth system.
13. a counting of the gain, use, and loss of energy in a system with interacting parts.
14. a hot, mobile layer of partially molten rock below the lithosphere and within Earth's upper mantle.
15. the outer layer of Earth that lies between the mantle and the surface and makes up the continents and the ocean floor.
16. the dense, hot liquid layer of Earth that surrounds the inner core and is made up mostly of iron and some nickel.
17. the part of Earth made up of rock and the minerals that form rock.

1. all of Earth's frozen water, including its sea ice, glaciers, ice sheets, permafrost, and permanent snow cover.
2. all of Earth's living things and the regions occupied by those living things.
3. the rigid, solid-rock, outer layer of a planet. On Earth, this consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.
4. the layer of Earth that lies between the crust and the core.
7. the solid, hottest, densest, and innermost layer of Earth, made up mostly of iron and some nickel.
8. the ability to cause change in matter.
9. the model describing the events and processes that form, break down, and re-form the three main types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
11. The model describing the events and processes by which water circulates among the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living things (also called the hydrologic cycle).