Ecology and Environment

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Across
  1. 3. Pertains to a factor which is defined as”the more or less loose and friable material in which by means of their roots plants may or do find a foothold and nourishment as well as other conditions of growth”(7)
  2. 4. Some organisms avoid unfavourable climate by escaping in time. The stage of suspended development entered by organisms such as zooplanktons is(8)
  3. 6. A species of birds that shows brood parasitism6)
  4. 7. The stable community during an ecological succession that would be near equilibrium with the environment(5,9)
  5. 10. defined as number of individuals of a species at a given area at a given time(10,7)
  6. 13. Animals that are adapted to the desert climate(9)
  7. 14. Two organisms are mutually benefitted by each other but the association is non-obligatory(16)
  8. 15. Besides the direct lethal effects of fire in plants, it has other indirect effects, such as the stimulating effect. This species of plant grows under the stimulation of fire(9)
  9. 16. Organisms that can tolerate only a narrow range of temperature
  10. 18. _______’s competitive exclusion principle states that no two species can occupy same niche at the same time(5)
  11. 19. A species that tolerates a wider range of temperature(9,10)
  12. 21. Plants growing in rock crevices(12)
  13. 22. The first group of organisms establishing during an ecological succession(8)
Down
  1. 1. Ecological pyramids were developed by(7,5)
  2. 2. characteristic form of behavior among social animals in which one or several organisms sacrifice their own interests for the welfare of the community(8)
  3. 5. Rate of assimilation of the food energy at the level of consumers(9,12)
  4. 8. ______’s rule states that “the tail,snout,ear and legs of mammals are relatively shorter in colder areas than in warmer areas”(5)
  5. 9. The study of interaction of an individual with the environment(10)
  6. 11. Organisms that can tolerate a wide range of salinities
  7. 12. Dead plant and animal remains,including fecal matter(8)
  8. 17. A process in which water soluble inorganic nuatrients go down into the soil horizon and get precipitated as unavailable salts(8)
  9. 20. Specific part of habitat occupied by individuals of a species and their functional role in it(5)