Economics

4. The expenses incurred when starting a new business or project.
6. Market structure in which a single seller or producer controls the entire supply of a certain product
8. The practice of charging different prices to different customers for the same product or service.
9. Competing on factors other than price, such as quality or customer service.
10. Group of independent market participants who collude with each other
11. Large business organization that controls and dominates a particular industry or market
15. The combining of two or more companies into a single entity.
17. Market structure in which there are many small firms
18. The cost advantages that come with large-scale production.
19. Market structure in which a small number of large firms dominate the market
22. Perfect competition
23. The process of removing government regulations from an industry or sector.
24. A business model in which a company grants the right to use its name and sell its products or services to independent operators in exchange for a fee.
25. The ability of a company to control the prices and/or quantities of goods or services in a given market.
26. A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.

1. The process of making a product or service unique in order to distinguish it from competitors.
2. A set of exclusive rights granted to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for public disclosure of an invention.
3. A legal agreement that grants permission to use a particular product, service, or technology.
5. An illegal agreement between companies to restrict competition.
7. fixing An illegal agreement between companies to set prices for a product or service.
9. A situation in which a single company is the most efficient provider of a product or service due to factors such as economies of scale or the need for a large infrastructure.
12. war A situation in which companies repeatedly lower their prices to gain market share.
13. Any obstacle that makes it difficult for new companies to enter a market.
14. A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.
16. A situation in which the government is the sole provider of a particular product or service.
20. The practice of lowering prices to drive competitors out of business, after which prices are raised again.
21. Laws that are designed to prevent monopolies, promote competition, and protect consumers from anti-competitive practices.