Business Review

3. A strategic model exploring growth options by market/product combinations
5. An organisational structure combining functional and product-based lines of authority
7. A strategic reduction of workforce often used in restructuring or cost-cutting
8. Management by Objectives — a performance management technique linking individual goals to business targets
10. Analysis A strategic planning tool analysing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
12. The measure of staff leaving and needing replacement over a period
14. A unique capability giving a business competitive advantage
15. A strategy focused on creating new market space instead of competing in existing one
17. Where decision-making power is distributed across lower levels of the organisation
19. Assessing and reviewing employee output, behaviour, and contribution to organisational objectives
20. Preparation for unexpected events to protect business from crises

1. An approach treating employees as resources to be managed for cost-effectiveness
2. A style of leadership inspiring change and motivating employees toward vision
4. Culture The shared values and norms influencing a firm's decisions and policies
6. Where decision-making authority is concentrated at the top of the organisational hierarchy
9. Analysis A framework to assess political, economic, social and technological influences on a business
11. For assessing competitive forces in an industry (supplier power, buyer power, rivalry, threats)
13. A typo? # correction
16. Employment arrangements like part-time, flexi-hours, job-sharing or home-working
18. An approach treating employees as assets who are developed and motivated for long-term value